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Enlightenment

100

1. Which statement expresses an idea of the Enlightenment?

(1) The king is sacred and answers only to God. (2) History is a continuous struggle between social classes. (3) Those who are the most fit will survive and succeed. (4) All individuals have natural rights.

200

2. According to John Locke, the chief role of government was to

(1) protect natural rights (2) fight territorial wars (3) ensure the wealth of citizens (4) redistribute land

300

3. Which period of history had the greatest influence on the Enlightenment ideas of natural law and reason?

(1) Pax Romana (2) Middle Ages (3) Age of Exploration (4) Scientific Revolution

400

4. Philosophers of the Enlightenment period believed that society could best be improved by

(1) relying on faith and divine right (2) borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and Rome (3) applying reason and the laws of nature (4) studying the practices of successful leaders Cities of 100,000 to 300,000 people

500

5. Which idea became a central belief of the Enlightenment?

(1) The use of reason would lead to human progress. (2) Mathematics could be used to solve all human problems. (3) The ancient Romans had the best form of government. (4) People should give up their natural rights to their rulers.

Enlightenment

100

7. The writings of Jean Jacques Rousseau, Baron de Montesquieu, and John Locke were similar in that each supported the principles of

(1) a military dictatorship (2) an autocracy (3) a theocratic society (4) a democratic republic

200

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. . . .” 8. This statement best expresses the philosophy of

(1) Adam Smith (2) Karl Marx (3) John Locke (4) Thomas Hobbes

300

9. One contribution that John Locke made to Enlightenment philosophy was the idea that

(1) absolute monarchies should continue (2) the punishment should fit the crime (3) individual rights should be denied (4) governments should be based on the consent of the people

400

10. Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, Rousseau’s The Social Contract, and Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws were works written during which time period?

(1) Middle Ages (2) Renaissance (3) Enlightenment (4) Reformation

500

11. The ideas of Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu most influenced

(1) the growing power of priests in the Roman Catholic Church (2) improvements in the working conditions of factory workers (3) the rise of industrial capitalism (4) movements for political reform

Enlightenment

100

“. . . Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. . . .” —Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1789 12. Which principle of the Enlightenment philosophers is expressed in this quotation from the French Revolution?

(1) natural law (2) nationalism (3) free trade (4) socialism

200

13. Which solution would Baron de Montesquieu offer to avoid the enactment of tyrannical laws?

(1) granting freedom of speech (2) reinstating absolute monarchies (3) separating the branches of government (4) limiting natural laws

300

14. The Enlightenment philosophers believed that the power of government is derived from

(1) divine right rulers (2) the middle class (3) a strong military (4) those who are governed

400

15. Base your answers to the following two questions on the quotations below and on your knowledge of social studies. “Whoever has the . . . supreme power . . . is bound to govern by established standing laws.” — John Locke 16. What is the main idea expressed in these quotations?

(1) Rulers should govern with unlimited power. (2) All governments must be democratic. (3) Rulers must be subject to the law. (4) Governments should be based on the laws of God.

500

17. A major concept promoted by philosophers of the Enlightenment was the need for

(1) a return to traditional medieval ideas (2) the use of reason for rational and logical thinking (3) overseas expansion by western European nations (4) strengthening the power of the organized religions