DVT + Other
PE
Tests & Treatment
Bit of Everything
Robbins Lucky Dip
100
Unilateral pain, swelling, tenderness, redness, Homan's sign positive
What are the symptoms of DVT?
100
Reduction in cardiac output, increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular dysfunction
What are the symptoms of haemodynamic compromise in PE?
100
2.0-3.0
What is the target INR while on Warfarin treatment?
100
Coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, HTN, dyslipidaemia, stroke, liver disease, gallbladder disease, sleep apnoea & respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, gynaecological problems
What are the health consequences of obesity?
100
They make up Virchow's triad
What do endothelial injury + abnormal blood flow (stasis/turbulence) + hypercoagulability combine to give?
200
Calf
What is the most common site of DVT origination?
200
Administer protamine sulphate
What is used to reverse UFH?
200
VTE, malignancy, infection, recent surgery, trauma, pregnancy
What conditions may an elevated D-dimer result suggest?
200
Group of autoantibodies directed against constituents of neutrophil primary granules, monocyte lysosomes & endothelial cells.
What are antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)?
200
A stereotyped response to vascular injury.
What is intimal thickening?
300
Better side-effect profile, less risk of developing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, less binding to plasma proteins & therefore more predictable anticoagulant response
Why is LMWH used over UFH?
300
25% mortality rate & 4% mortality rate respectively
What are the mortality rates for haemodynamically unstable/stable presentation of acute PE?
300
Inability to compress vessel lumen, distended vessel, lack of flow in the vessel
What are the signs used to diagnose DVT on ultrasound?
300
'Typical' ECG changes seen in PE
What condition does S1, Q3, T3 (inversion) + T-wave inversion in leads V1-V4 suggest?
300
Spherical outpouching involving only a portion of the vessel wall.
What is a saccular aneurysm?
400
Venous thromboses appear in one location, disappear, & then occur in another site
What is Trousseau sign?
400
Used to prevent PE in pxs with DVT who are ineligible for anticoagulant therapy
When is an IVC filter indicated?
400
Argatroban for pxs with renal insufficiency Lepirudin for pxs with hepatic failure Bivalirudin for pxs with renal dysfunction (Viggy can't answer)
What is the treatment of thrombosis caused by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia?
400
The three categories of plaque changes
What is rupture/fissuring, erosion/ulceration, & haemorrhage into the atheroma?
400
Necrotizing vasculitis that generally affects capillaries (& small arterioles & venules)
What is microscopic polyangiitis?
500
Segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation of small/medium-sized arteries
What is polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) characterised by?
500
Indicated in a px with moderate/high pretest probability with a non-diagnostic result on V/Q scan or CTPA
When is ultrasonography of leg veins indicated in PE testing?
500
s.c. injection in the treatment of DVT & PE as a bridge to warfarin
What is fondaparinux used for?
500
Small-vessel necrotizing vasculitis classically associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, lung infiltrates, peripheral hypereosinophilia & extravascular necrotizing granulomata.
What is Churg-Strauss syndrome?
500
Classic lesions exhibit medial granulomatous inflammation centered on the internal elastic lamina that produce elastic lamina fragmentation + infiltrate of T cells & macrophages.
What is the morphology of Giant cell arteritis?
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