Consciousness
Learning & Conditioning
Memory & Intelligence
Language & Thought
The Office
100
What are three states of consciousness?
sleep (& dreaming), hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs
100
The process of learning associations between a stimulus & response is known as what?
Conditioning
100
What are the three steps of memory (taking in information, keeping it, and getting it out of memory)?
Encoding Storage Retrieval
100
A _________ psychologist studies mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
cognitive
100
"Would I rather be feared or loved? Uhm, easy: Both. I want people to be afraid of how much they love me."
Michael Scott
200
The average length of one sleep cycle.
90 minutes
200
What makes the conditioned response different from the unconditioned response?
The stimulus that produces the response.
200
Give two reasons why IQ tests may be biased or inaccurate.
cultural bias environmental situations demographic differences expectations (stereotype threat)
200
When I was booking a ticket to visit my sister in Ithaca, she mentioned that one of my connecting flights crashed last year. I immediately wanted to change my ticket. What heuristic does this represent?
Availability heuristic
200
What is Michael's signature phrase?
"That's what she said."
300
What is the difference between narcolepsy & insomnia?
Narcoleptics will fall asleep at any moment's time, though only for a short amount of time. Insomniacs have difficulty falling and staying asleep.
300
Who was Little Albert?
He became afraid of rats and fuzzy/furry animals because he was conditioning to fear them when they were paired with a loud noise that started baby "Albert."
300
What is "g factor" intelligence?
The notion that intelligence may be represented by a number of clusters/factors/constructs, but there is an underlying general intelligence that influences all of those separate factors.
300
Semantics are grammar rules that are used to derive meaning, where syntax are grammar rules used: ________________________________________.
To order words in a sentence.
300
Who started the fire?
"Ryan started the fire!" (sung to the tune of "We didn't start the fire" by Bill Joel)
400
Give an example of why people use psychoactive drugs.
Recreation, religious ritual, meditation, pain reliever, spiritual awareness, etc.
400
What is the difference between positive and negative punishments?
Positive: administer an aversive stimulus Example: spanking; a parking ticket Negative: withdraw a desirable stimulus Example: time outs; revoked license
400
Our memories are "reconstructive." What is meant by that?
The notion that we put pieces of our memories together to fill in missing pieces and create an overall sense of what our memory for an event may be. It is separate from the thought that our memories are like tape recorders.
400
How is a morpheme different from a phoneme?
Morphemes carry meaning vs. phonemes carry sound
400
What is Dwight Schrute's middle name? (HINT: It starts with a "K").
Kurt
500
Name one thing hypnosis cannot do.
Hypnosis does not increase accuracy of memory Hypnosis does not produce a literal re-experiencing of long-ago events Hypnotic responsiveness depends more on person being hypnotized than skill of hypnotist Hypnotized people cannot be forced against their will to do something Hypnotic feats can be performed by motivated people without hypnosis
500
What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement.
Positive: strengthens response by presenting a pleasurable stimulus after a response Examples: attention, approval, money Negative: strengthens response by removing or reducing an undesirable stimuli Examples: taking an aspirin; hitting the snooze
500
What is the misinformation effect? Give an example of how this has been studied.
Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event Loftus: cars that "smashed" or "hit"
500
In language development, some theorists argue that language is learned through associations, imitation, and reinforcement (operant learning), while others argue that our ability for language is due to our inborn abilities (a language acquisition device). Give an example to demonstrate each of these theories.
Operant: children will repeat swear words they hear from their parents or other guardians. Language Acquisition Device: children know and use words they haven't explicitly been taught.
500
What is the name of the band that Kevin plays in?
Scrantonicity
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