Traditional Model of Science
Levels of Measurement
Quantitative Analysis
Experiments
Surveys
100
Can cause or determine another variable
What is the independent variable
100
Variables with attributes we can logically rank order
What is ordinal measurments
100
A document that describes the locations of variables and lists the assignments of codes to the attributes composing those variables
What is a codebook
100
Neither the subjects nor the experimenters know which is the experimental group and which is the control
What is a double blind experiment
100
Questions for which the respondent is asked to provide his or her own answers
What is an open-ended question
200
A specified testable expectation about empirical reality that follows from a general proposition
What is hypothesis
200
Names or labels for characteristics
What is nominal measures
200
Describes a case in terms of a single variable Ex: mean, median, mode, standard deviation
What is univariate analysis
200
A group of subjects to whom an experimental stimulus is administered
What is the experimental group
200
Questions should be relevant, long, and avoid negative or biased terms.
What is false. Questions should be relevant, SHORT, and avoid negative or biased terms.
300
The concrete and specific definition of something in terms of the operations by which observations are categorized
What is the operational definition
300
Allow us to determine that variables are the same or different, one is more than the other, or how much they differ
What is ration measures
300
A description of the number of times various attributes of a variable are observed in a sample
What is frequency distribution
300
A formal experiment conducted outside the laboratory in a natural setting
What is a field experiment
300
Survey questions in which the respondent is asked to select an answer from a list provided by the researcher
What is closed-ended questions
400
Specific expectations of hypotheses are developed on the basis of general principles
What is deduction
400
Fahrenheit scale
What is interval measures
400
Examining simultaneously the effects of age, gender, and social class on religiosity
What is multivariate analysis
400
Possibility that conclusions drawn from experimental results may not generalize the the "real" world
What is external invalidity
400
Number of people participating in a survey divided by the number selected in the sample, in percentage form
What is response rate
500
A variable assumes to be caused by another
What is the dependent variable
500
*DAILY DOUBLE* Income, IQ, Religiosity, Gender
What is ratio, interval, ordinal, nominal
500
Analysis of two variables simultaneously for the purpose of determining the empirical relationship between them
What is bivariate analysis
500
Experiments that occur in the regular course of social events
What is a natural experiment
500
Online surveys appear to have response rates approximately comparable to mail surveys.
What is true
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