Krashen's Model
Schumann Acculturation Model
Swain's Comprehensible Output Hypothesis
Going on a Halliday?
100
The process of acquiring something subconsciously by exposure to models, a process of trial and error, and practice within social groups, without formal teaching.
What is Acquisition/ Learning Hypothesis
100
The power relationships between two groups.
What is Social dominance
100
Learners encounter gaps between what they want to say and what they are able to say, and so they notice what they do not know or only know partially in this language.
What is Noticing function
100
Linguist who developed the internationally influential systemic functional linguistic model of language.
Who is Michael Halliday
200
This helps explain the different functions that acquisition and learning play.
What is Monitor hypothesis
200
Social distance is increased when the two groups are very different culturally, and the distance decreases when the to groups are more similar.
What is Cultural Congruence
200
When a learner says something, there is always at least a tacit hypothesis underlying his or her utterance. By uttering something, the learner tests this hypothesis and receives feedback from an interlocutor. This feedback enables reprocessing of the hypothesis if necessary
What is Hypothesis-testing function
200
This is when the child uses language to express their needs (e.g. "Want juice")
What is Instrumental
300
The key to Krashen's theory of language acquisition.
What is Input hypothesis
300
Social distance is increased when the learner group has a negative attitude toward the members of the target-language culture, and it is decreased when the attitude is positive.
What is Attitude
300
Learners reflect on the language they learn, and thereby the output enables them to control and internalize linguistic knowledge.
What is Metalinguistic function
300
This is the use of language to express feelings, opinions, and individual identity (e.g. "Me good girl")
What is Personal
400
This hypothesis leads to language development. This includes caregiver talk, teacher talk, and nonnative speakers.
What is Simplified Input
400
When a newcomer experiences this, they experience more difficulty in learning a new language.
What is Culture Shock
400
The hypothesis states that learning takes place when a learner encounters a gap in his or her linguistic knowledge of the second language.
What is comprehensible output
400
The use of language to convey facts and information.
What is Representational
500
This hypothesis explains the role of affective factors in the process of language acquisition.
What is Affective Filter hypothesis
500
Those who have this are more likely to learn the language than those who do not have this.
What is Motivation
500
A professor of second-language education at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. She developed the output hypothesis, a theory of second-language acquisition which states that learners cannot reach full grammatical competence in a language from input processing alone, but must also produce spoken language output.
Who is Merrill Swain
500
This is when language is used to gain knowledge about the environment (e.g. 'What the tractor doing?')
What is Heuristic
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