List the layers of soil in order from top (surface) to bottom.
Topsoil, subsoil, parent rock, bedrock
100
Is the following situation Erosion, Deposition, or Weathering. And why?: Waves dropping sand on the beach.
Deposition: The sand particles are carried by the waves (water) to a the beach (new location).
100
If you add high heat and pressure to a sedimentary rock, what will it become?
Metamorphic Rock
200
What are sedimentary rocks composed of?
Sedimentary rocks are composed of rock sediments, animal remains, and plants
200
What layer of soil is made of roots, clay, silt, iron, aluminum, moles, rabbits, snakes, turtles and allows water to drip through?
Subsoil
200
Is the following situation Erosion, Deposition, or Weathering. And why?: Rain washing mud down a steep hill.
Erosion: The movement of the mud (sediments) by means of rain (water).
200
How can you turn a sedimentary rock into an igneous rock?
Melt the sedimentary rock into magma and let it cool
300
What are the two key parts to forming metamorphic rocks?
Metamorphic rocks are formed when rocks undergo intense heat and pressure.
300
What is Humus? (not the food)
Humus is made of leaves, twigs, small animals, or other decayed substances. It adds many nutrients to the soil and is part of the topsoil.
300
Is the following situation Erosion, Deposition, or Weathering. And why?: Wind and water cause small pieces of rock to break off at the side of a mountain.
Weathering: The wind and water break off (break down/disintegrate) the mountain.
300
How can you turn a metamorphic rock into an intrusive igneous rock?
Melt the metamorphic rock into magma and let it cool beneath the Earth’s surface.
400
How does the formation of extrusive rocks differ from the formation of intrusive rocks?
Extrusive rocks are formed when magma cools outside the volcano. Intrusive rocks form when magma cools inside a volcano.
400
What is the difference between the parent rock and bedrock?
The parent rock is made of a combination of large unbroken and broken rocks. The bedrock, however is made of the largest masses of hard rock that cannot be excavated by hand (larger than parent rock).
400
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering and erosion are two processes that usually occur together. The prime difference is that there is no movement in weathering. Weathering is only the breaking down of rocks, where erosion involves breaking down and moving rocks.
400
400 – If you start with a metamorphic rock; weather, erode, deposit it elsewhere, let it cement into layers; then melt it into magma and let it cool on the Earth’s surface, you created a ________ rock which turned into a ______ ______rock.
Sedimentary; Extrusive Igneous
500
Why are fossils more likely to be found in sedimentary rocks than igneous rocks?
Fossils are more likely to be found in sedimentary rocks than igneous rocks because when the organic material is deposited in a certain layer of a forming sedimentary rock, it will decompose as the sedimentary rock cements together from the force of gravity. When the organic material decays, it leaves behind a fossil imprint. Since igneous rocks are formed by magma, organic material would disappear/melt/burn before being able to decompose.
500
How is sand made? Does it hold water or nutrients?
Sand is tiny grains of worn down rock. It does not hold water or have many nutrients.
500
How are erosion and deposition related?
Erosion is when water, ice, or wind move sediments of rocks (broken down from weathering). When the sediments are “dropped off” they are “deposited.” This “drop off” is called deposition.
500
Sedimentation, compaction, and cementation are all sub-processes of creating which rock?