Earth's Layers
Volcanoes/Earthquakes/Mountain Building
Plate Tectonics
Plate Boundaries
Misc.
100
Scientists divide Earth into four main layers: the inner core, the outer core, the mantle, and the __________.
crust
100
Because the crust of our Earth is broken apart into plates, hazardous events such as _________ and _________ take place that may put humans in harm's way.
volcanoes & earthquakes
100
The theory that Earth's crust is broken into large plate that move on top of the mantle is known as the theory of ________ _________.
plate tectonics
100
Convergent, divergent, and transform are all types of ________ __________.
plate boundaries
100
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines this word as "including many things of different kinds."
Miscellaneous
200
Image you could travel in a straight line through Earth from a point on one side and come out on the other side. What layer would you travel through during the middle of your trip?
the core
200
Most volcanoes and earthquakes take place on plate ___________.
boundaries
200
Geologic evidence points to this single large landmass breaking up around 245 million years ago.
Pangaea
200
____________ boundaries are where two plates collide.
convergent
200
At divergent plate boundaries on the ocean floor, these ridges form.
mid-ocean ridges
300
When convection takes place in the ________, cooler rock sinks and warmer rock rises.
mantle
300
Volcanoes and Earthquakes can form on any type of plate boundary, describe the process that creates a volcano on a divergent plate boundary.
As the plates separate, the magma in the mantle rises through the crust.
300
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Lava is found above Earth's surface and magma is found below Earth's surface.
300
_________ boundaries are where two plate move away from each other.
divergent
300
When two continental plates collide these form.
mountains
400
Scientists cannot directly look into Earth's interior, but instead have inferred what Earth's interior is made up of through what type of evidence and observations?
seismic waves / earthquake waves
400
Volcanoes and Earthquakes can form on any type of plate boundary, describe the process that creates a volcano on a convergent plate boundary.
When plates move toward each other, one plate subducts (or sinks) under the other. This plate then melts and the magma rises to the surface creating a volcanic mountain range.
400
At a mid-ocean ridge, molten rock from inside Earth rises through the cracks in the ridges, cools, and forms new oceanic crust, which in turn pushes out the older crust. This process is known as ____-______ ____________.
sea-floor spreading
400
A boundary at which two plates move past each other horizontally is called a _____________ boundary.
transform
400
When a continental plate converges with an oceanic plate, the oceanic plate __________, or goes under the continental plate.
subducts
500
There are two types of crust - continental and oceanic. Which is the thinner, denser type of crust?
oceanic
500
Tectonic plates move on top of the mantle of the Earth. As they move, some crash into each other forming mountain ranges. Give an example of where two plates are colliding creating a mountain range.
Himalayas (Indian & Eurasian) Cascades in PNW (North American & Pacific) Andes (South American & Nazca)
500
What is the mechanism scientists have proposed to explain the movement of Earth's tectonic plates?
mantle convection
500
Convergent boundaries can come in three different forms: continental-continental, continental-oceanic, and _________-__________.
oceanic-oceanic
500
Transform boundaries are the main cause of _________, when the plates scrape against each other in a series of sudden slippages of crustal rock.
earthquakes
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