What enzyme is used to separate strands of a DNA double helix?
helicase
100
What is one function of Transcription?
to make a copy of the code in DNA in the form of RNA
100
What is the purpose of translation?
to produce a specific amino acid chain/polypeptide
100
Which molecule contains the genetic code?
mRNA
200
What is the sugar molecule in DNA called?
Deoxyribose
200
What is each protein bonded to another protein by?
peptide bonds
200
Transcription occurs along a ____ template
3' to 5'
200
What is the process of translation?
the process of decoding mRNA's sequence and making specific proteins
200
What is the Central Dogma of life?
protein synthesis
300
What are the components of DNA?
phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases.
300
What is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA?
DNA polymerase
300
Order the events of transcription from start to finish below?
1. free RNA nucleotides form base pairs with their complementary nucleotides of DNA
2. the mRNA strand leaves the nucleus
3. helicase enzymes unzip the molecule of DNA
3, 1, 2
300
Order the events of translation from start to finish.
1. the new tRNA molecule carrying another amino acid pairs with the second mRNA codon
2. a chain of amino acids is formed until a stop codon is reached
3.the amino acids are joined by a peptide bond
4. a ribosome attaches to the mRNA strand. A tRNA anticodon matches with the mRNA codon
5. the ribosome slides over one codon on the mRNA to arrive at the start codon of AUG
6. the protein is released from the ribosome
4, 5, 1, 3, 2, 6
300
What is angiogenesis?
the process of a tumor turning from benign to malignant.
400
What stores the information for specifying the traits of an organism?
genes that are part of the DNA strand
400
What is the enzyme that is used to join bits of DNA?
DNA Ligase.
400
What is the function of RNA?
to carry the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code words.
400
What is the function of rRNA?
to hold the forming protein chain in place
400
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
interphase
500
What are the components of RNA?
ribose sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base (Adenine, uracil, cytosine, or guanine)
500
Put the following steps of DNA replication in order.
1. ligase fills in the Okazaki fragments
2. DNA polymerase adds corresponding bases
3. Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix.
4. SSB's are added to keep the strands from reannealing
5. RNA primers are made
6. RNA primers are removed
3, 4, 5, 2, 6, 1
500
Transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase binds to....
the promoter region or start codon
500
What is the role of tRNA?
to carry amino acids and anticodons that match the codon to the ribosome