Module 4

1

100

Brain connections are stimulated by events, experiences, and attachments. These connections, formed through repetition, shape the way a child... A. feels B. thinks C. acts D. all of the above

D. all of the above

200

Understanding ... theories is important to understanding how a child develops, grows and learns.

A. motivation, social, & intellectual/cognitive development B. emotional, social, & physical c. motor development, brain, & observational

300

Understanding child development theory and the stages of development can help caregivers create appropriate expectations for children. How could your parents understanding of child development theory and the stages of development help you? (Hint: think of the expectations they have for you)

The would know your capabilities and be able to help them thrive through such an understanding.

400

Providing for the physical needs of children while also establishing their comfort and safety is the foundation for their achievement of social and emotional development, achieving self-esteem and satisfaction, and realizing family actualization. Take what you know from the concept of self-actualization to describe what family actualization might mean.

Self-actualization:'becoming what you are capable of becoming' Family-actualization:'becoming what you are fully capable of as a family, working together towards growing and improving to the be the best you can be alongside one another'

500

One prominent ... theory often associated with child growth and development is Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A. social B. cognitive/intellectual development C. motivational

2

100

Not all children develop at the same rate and some may skip some movements, but in general children will be able to: • Stand holding something (8 mos.) • Move from tummy to sitting position (9 mos.) • Cruise along furniture (walk holding edge) (10 mos.) Should you be worried if your child skips/fails to complete some movements?

No

200

It is very important to approach learning from a positive viewpoint, but a teacher should be very careful to stay away from non-specific praise, for example, “Good job,” or “That’s great.” You should also avoid the technique of rewarding behavior with material rewards, such as candy or stickers, as children should not be “bribed” into behaving a certain way. If this is true then why do you think we're giving you candy?

Because we are not rewarding behavior we deem candy worthy, rather we are rewarding the interest in getting the correct answer.

300

Although individual rates of growth/development may vary physical motor development develops through what pattern? A.head to toe (cephalocaudal) B.center of body to limbs (proximodistal) C. gross motor to fine motor D. all of the above

D. all of the above

400

Mildred Parten defined four types of play: • Solitary play - playing alone • Parallel play - playing beside other children, but not interacting with them • Associative play - children play together with materials and some talking (3-5 years old) • Cooperative play - children play together by planning and working toward a common goal (5 years old through adolescence Which of the above types of play are we engaging in?

Cooperative play

500

The three main components of the brain used in learning are: • - specialized nerve cells that make up the central nervous system • - Each neuron has one ... An ... is a fiber that sends messages "away" to other neurons. • ... - Each neuron has many ... , ... accept incoming messages from the axons. (Hint: N_ _ _ _ _, a_ _ _, d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Neuron, axon, dendrites

3

100

The role of the caregiver is to foster the child’s learning and development by knowing each child’s developmental level and helping them to achieve the next level. First, a great deal of assistance is given, and then less and less as the child becomes more able. The assistance a teacher or more skilled peer provides is called...

Scaffolding

200

You can also support intellectual development by engaging children in extended conversations. When you ask questions that encourage them to explain their answers, you gain a better understanding of their thought processes. True or false?

True

300

Piaget thought children create their own knowledge individually, by interacting with their environment. Vygotsky extended this thought by stating children create knowledge by interacting with their environment AND through social interactions, their culture and the use of language. One of the most important concepts of Vygotsky’s theory is that there are varying developmental levels of ability. Two developmental levels of ability: 1. The ability to do something with help or assistance 2. The ability to do something without help or assistance How is this present in our classroom? (Hint: Look at the walls.) Which one coordinates with which?

Scale of understanding &

400

Developmentally Appropriate Practice is influenced and enhanced by sound early childhood ... focused on young children’s developmental stages. A. memories B. theories C. none of the above

B. theories

500

Jean Piaget asserts that humans go through certain stages of intellectual development. The first two stages are the most relevant to development in early childhood. Name the first two stages and state why YOU think they are the most relevant.

1.Sensorimotor (birth to approx. 2 years) - Children learn through sensory perception and motor activity. 2.Preoperational (2 years to 7 years) - Children are bound by what they experience directly and not by what they think. Piaget believed children build knowledge and understanding through their physical development and through their interactions with the environment.

4

100

Like Piaget, Vygotsky believed children learn best through... A. watching B. reading C. doing D. playing

D. playing

200

Because infants and toddlers begin to develop language by imitating what is said to and around them, it is important to talk to them, interact with them, and be a good role model. So should you baby talk to babies?

No, because the old monkey see monkey do saying applies here, if you speak nonsense to them that's what they're going to mimic.

300

Pincer grasp develops and is refined between 9-12 months. Infants can separate their forefinger from the rest of the hand and connect with the thumb. This helps the infant pick up items to explore. Where do infants typically place items they pick up and why?

Their mouth because it is the most sensitive area and gives the most feedback to the brain.

400

Exposure to all types of music is developmentally appropriate. True or false? (Bonus: why?)

True Ex.Research has found the kind of music that best supports math and logic skills is classical music. Classical music has a beat that is very distinct. The music stimulates the same neurons used for mathematical reasoning plus it “dramatically improved in spatial reasoning.”

500

Intellectual development refers to the way children think, reason, problem solve, and discover meaning in the world around them. When children construct knowledge about people and objects, they are able to understand how things work and go together. The ability to process information is extremely important to understanding basic concepts and connecting ideas. Culture also affects cognitive development. A child’s home culture may influence the way a child learns and processes information. What theorist does this go with?

Lev Vygotsky

5

100

What do children need to experience? (according to "Meeting Basic Needs and Learning Experiences") A. failure B. success C. none of the above

B. success

200

Erikson’s theory explores what a person learns when development proceeds successfully throughout life, from birth to old age. True or false?

True

300

How can you incorporate some of Eriksons stages into DAP opportunities? A. allow children to make appropriate choices B. draw attention to accomplishments by identifying what they have done versus general statements C. correct the child's mistake yourself D. A & B

D. A & B

400

In what way does Eriksons theory mirror Maslows? (Hint:If trust is never developed in the Trust vs. Mistrust stage, then children can't fully develop autonomy in the Autonomy vs. Doubt/Shame stage)

Each stage is built upon the previous stage.

500

Once upon a time when Pharaohs ruled the ancient Egyptian world there lived a fair ruler by the name Ahm. He was very loved by his people and in return he loved them back, so much so that he ordered a Pyramid to be built in honor of them all, especially for the children of all those who adored him. To get his workers in top physical condition for building he would give them food to eat, water to drink, & the proper clothes to wear for construction. Once the base of pyramid was complete his workers came to him saying they weren't comfortable with being so high off the ground and feared for their safety. Hearing their concerns he set up a secure & safe system for them to continue building on a stable platform. This satisfied the workers needs and they were able to continue building with peace of mind. But one day his workers came to him once again to state their concerns; they said that some people were having problems with each other and perhaps the long hours of building were making them more irritable. Ahm understood this social issue & declared they could have an additional break throughout the day, however they needed to work on accepting one another so that no one will feel out of place but rather like they belong. This attention to their basic and psychological needs made his men happy yet again and they began working well alongside each other. After months & months of building and constant esteem reassurance from their Pharaoh that they were adequate enough to finish such a big job and that the work they were doing was important, the workers finally finished building. To show his gratitude for everything they had already accomplished Ahm payed them all a handsome amount of money and encouraged them to spend it all for one reason, to fulfill their own true purpose and achieve self-actualization. What does the story describe?

Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs