envy, mistrust, and aggression resulting from perceptions of economic and social inequality
What is relative deprivation
100
Social control applied by cohesive communities and based on mutual trust, including intervention in the supervision of children and maintenance of public order
What is collective efficacy
100
another name of social control theory?
What is Social bond theory
100
Gottfredson and Hirschi's developmental theory that links crime to impulsivity and a lack of self-control
What is general theory of crime
100
theory that focuses on changes in criminality over the life course brought about by shifts in experience and life events
What is life course theory
200
An area undergoing a shift in population and structure, usually from middle-class residential to lower-class mixture
What is transitional neighborhood
200
The view that anomie pervades US culture because the drive for material wealth dominates and undermines social and community values
What is institutional anomie theory
200
to apply negative labeling with enduring effects on a person's self-image and social interactions
What is stigmatize
200
the excess profits that are produced by the laboring classes and accrued by business owners
What is surplus value
200
the concept that people can be reformed if they understand the harm they have cause and are brought back into the social mainstream
What is reintegrative shaming
300
the view that multiple sources of strain interact with an individual's emotional traits and responses to produce criminality
What is general strain theory
300
When individuals accept the goals of society but are unable or unwilling to attain them through legitimate means, the resulting conflict forces them to adopt innovative solutions to their dilemma: steal, sell drugs, extort money....criminal behavior
What is innovation
300
3 types of collective efficacy method
What is informal social control, institutional social control, public social control
300
a version of the social learning view that employs both differential association concepts and elements of psychological learning theory. Behavior is reinforced by being either rewarded or punished while interacting with others
What is differential reinforcement
300
families in which fathers assume the traditional role of breadwinners, while mothers tend to have menial jobs or remain at home to supervise domestic matters
What is paternalistic families
400
methods of rationalizing deviant behavior, such as denying responsibility or blaming the victim
What is neutralization techniques
400
norms, or values, such as toughness and street smarts, that have evolved specifically to fit conditions in lower-class environments
What is focal concerns
400
Cloward and Ohlin applied Merton's criminology to look at Gang society. What are those three types of gang?
What is Criminal gangs, conflict gangs, retreatist gangs
400
efforts to prevent crime through community organization and youth involvement
What is preemptive deterrence
400
An approach that considers punitive crime control strategies to be counterproductive and favors the use of humanistic conflict resolution to prevent and control crime
What is peacemaking criminology
500
the view that gender inequality is a result of the exploitation of women in a male-dominated society
What is critical feminism
500
when parents are alienated from their children, their negative labeling reduces their children's self-image and increases delinquency
What is reflected appraisal
500
The view that law violators learn to neutralize conventional values and attitudes, enabling them to drift back and forth between criminal and conventional behavior
What is neutralization theory
500
displacement of workers, pushing them outside the economic and social mainstream
What is marginalization
500
An approach that is left-leaning but realistic in its appraisal of crime and its causes. Crime is seen as class conflict in an advanced industrial society