Chapter 14
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Misc.
100
How the genetic makeup of an organism is expressed in observable characteristics
What is a phenotype?
100
Person responsible for the theories of “descent with modification” and natural selection
Who is Charles Darwin?
100
Where does genetic variation come from?
Mutations due to sexual reproduction
100
What can members of the same species do?
interbreed and produce fertile offspring
100
Crabs have reduced tails that curl under their shells and are not used in swimming. This is an example of:
Vestigial Trait
200
If a person with AB blood type and a person with O blood type bore offspring, is it possible for the offspring to have type O blood? What blood types are possible?
No, only types A and B.
200
Father of Taxonomy; grouped species according to similarities and differences; believed in the fixed species concept
Who is Linnaeus?
200
What is gene flow?
Transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes.
200
Rocky Mountain juniper and one-seeded juniper have overlapping ranges. Pollen grains (contain sperm cells) from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen tubes on female ovules(contain egg cells) of the other species. These two junipers are kept separate by
What is gametic isolation? ( Review isolation chart)
200
Describe the difference between homology and analogy
Homology: •structures are present in 2 different species due to descent from a common ancestor •structures may or may not be similar in form and function •e.g., wing of bat vs. leg of horse •shared common ancestor = ancestral vertebrate species Analogy: •structures in 2 species are similar, but not due to shared common ancestor •similarity is due to presence of similar selection pressures (convergent evolution) •e.g., wing of bee vs. wing of bat •common selection pressure = what is the best structure for flying?
300
What is incomplete dominance?
What is incomplete dominance?
300
What was Lamarck’s theory of evolution?
use and disuse; inheritance of acquired characteristics (explain with giraffes)
300
What is a species?
Group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature
300
Geographic isolation restricts gene flow between populations.
What is allopatric speciation? (Know Allopatric vs. sympatric (speciation occurs in populations in the same geographic area))
300
What are the lines of evidence of evolution?
Direct observation, homology, the fossil record, biogeography
400
Pairs of genes separate during gamete formation (meiosis) so each gamete carries only one allele for each trait. At fertilization, genes are paired once again.
What is the Law of Segregation?
400
Humans decide what individuals reproduce.
What is artificial selection?
400
What are the conditions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
No mutation, random mating, very large population size, no gene flow, natural selection
400
What is a hybrid zone?
An area where mating occurs between members of two closely related species, producing viable offspring.
400
Skin Pigmentation in humans is an example of:
What is polygenic in humans
500
In an Pedigree Tree, what is the meaning of a square that is half shaded and half non-shaded?
The square indicates that the organism is a male, but this type of shading has no meaning.
500
What are the components of Natural Selection?
(review important points of natural selection ppt slide 31) 1.more offspring are produced than can survive; offspring compete for limited resources 2.offspring exhibit heritable variation in traits 3.individuals with adaptive genetic traits have better survival and produce more offspring 4.these adaptive traits become more common in the population from one generation to the next
500
What is genetic drift?
Random changes in allele frequency due to a small population.
500
What are the mechanisms of sympatric speciation?
Polyploidy, Habitation, Sexual Selection (Review slides/ examples slide 25)
500
If there is no gene flow and the curve shifts to the left or to the right what is occuring?
What is directional shift?
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