True or False: Automatic processing is characterized as occurring without attention, involving conscious awareness, and requiring little attention.
False: does NOT involve conscious awareness
100
True or False: Sensory memory is our brain connecting our senses with a memory. Ex: smelling a candle reminds me of grandma’s house.
False. Sensory memory is a brief stage in memory that holds info for a fraction of a second (kind of like perception)
100
True or False: The psychologist who did the bean experiment only tested himself to try and understand the span of apprehension
True.
100
True or False: There was a significant difference in the lane position and following position of drivers between whether they were talking on the phone or talking to a passenger.
True
100
True or False: Inattentional blindness is due in part to vision deficits.
False. Inattentional blindness is due to not recognizing something in plain sight.
200
Which of these activities does not commonly demonstrate automaticity?
A. Driving
B. Reading
C. Bike riding
D. Taking an exam
D. Taking an exam
200
What is an example of visual sensory memory?
A. Watching pictures of a dog in a certain order so it looks like the dog is running
B. Smelling a specific perfume makes you think of your grandma
C. Deja vu
D. Hearing the icecream truck and being reminded of a time when you were a kid.
What is A. Watching pictures of a dog in order so it looks like the dog is running
200
What did the phone number experiment measure?
A. It measured the persons memory and the effect that masking has on it
B. It measured how well the participants to reconize the voice operators voice
C. It measured the amount of time it took for a person to recall the phone number given
D. It measured the difference between a younger person memorizing a phone number versus an older adult memorizing a phone number.
A. It measured the persons memory and the effect that masking has on it
200
Which finding was NOT seen in the condition where the driver was conversing on his cell phone?
A. Driver accurately navigated to his exit
B. Driver struggled to maintain the same position in the lane
C. Driver had inattentional blindness to stimuli like brake lights ahead of him
A. Driver accurately navigated to his exit
200
Inattentional blindness is not being able to see something that is:
A. The same color as the attended to stimulus
B. Moving at a different rate as its surroundings
C. In plain sight
D. In the foreground
C. In plain sight
300
What kind of processing is used when learning a task before it becomes automatic processing?
Controlled processing
300
_____ is the # of objects seen at a glance that can accurately be perceived half of the time
Span of apprehension
300
From the Automatic and Controlled Attention experiment, what kind of mapping is demonstrated in this frame:
H, 9, 3, 8
Consistent mapping
300
Name a dependent variable measured in this study
navigation, lane position, speech patterns, following distance, etc.
300
Does expertise protect against inattentional blindness? Give an example.
No: radiologists missing the guidewire in a woman's x-ray
400
What did the Stroop task demonstrate?
reading is automatic - takes longer to perceive color of word if meaning is different
400
What are the other names for auditory sensory memory and visual sensory memory?
What is Echoic and Iconic memory
400
In the Automatic and Controlled Attention Experiment, automatic/consistent mapping was not affected by ___________ and ___________.
Memory set and frame size
400
What was manipulated in the study, Passenger and Cell Phone Conversations in Simulated Driving?
Whether the driver was conversing with a passenger or on the phone
400
What were the results of study when investigators used an adapted test in the inattentional blindness video (i.e. a bright red suit)?
The results were the same - the more obvious stimulus did not lead to decreased inattentional blindness
500
What is automaticity?
When learning a task, it takes a lot of attention, but with practice the needed amount of attention decreases is
500
Define masking and what is one experiment we learned in class that demonstrated it?
Masking is the process by which perception and or storage of a stimulus is influenced by events occurring after presentation. It is used in the phone number experiment.
500
Explain the modified Stroop test
Suicide-attempters took longer to perceive the color of suicide-related words than non-attempters
500
How did the results of this study relate to the hands-free law that was recently passed in New Hampshire?
It demonstrated that the law is essentially ineffective at improving driving by preventing people from holding phones while they drove.
500
In the case of the gorilla video, were people’s inattentional blindness caused by not looking at the gorilla? Explain how you know.
No, eye-trackers showed that those who didn’t notice the gorilla looked at it just as often as those who did notice the gorilla.