Learning
More Learning
Social Psychology
Memory
Grab bag!
100
This researcher studied salivating dogs and is famous for his work on classical conditioning
Who is Pavlov?
100
A form of learning in which the future likelihood of performing a type of behavior is modified by consequences that follow performance of the behavior.
What is operant conditioning?
100
In a research study, refers to an accomplice of the experimenter who pretends to be a participant
What is a confederate?
100
Memory that is based on the workings of sensory systems It is also the first stage in getting information into the mind
What is sensory memory?
100
Because of errors in memory and bias, this is the most common cause of wrongful convictions
What is eyewitness testimony?
200
A form of learning that occurs when an organism encounters a stimulus that repeatedly signals the occurrence of a second stimulus
What is classical conditioning?
200
Reappearance of an extinguished CR after a period of delay following extinction
What is spontaneous recovery?
200
Refers to pattern of thinking in which people underestimate the causal influence of situational factors on people’s behavior and overestimate the causal influence of personal factors
What is the fundamental attribution error?
200
These two types of memory: one is memory for factual information, including abstract concepts, the second is memory for experienced events with chronology
What are semantic memory and episodic memory?
200
These help you better recall information - when there is a match between the overall situation or environment (including mood) when learning information and then trying to retrieve information.
What are contextual cues?
300
A stimulus that elicits a reaction in an organism prior to any learning, like a loud noise.
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
300
An event that elicits a response from an organism only after the organism learns to associate it with another stimulus that already evokes a response. (the ice cream truck song that signals the ice cream)
What is a conditioned stimulus?
300
This is a negative attitude toward individuals based on their group membership, whereas this involves involves unjust treatment of people based on their group membership
What is prejudice vs. what is discrimination?
300
The process through which information is transferred from sensory memory to short-term memory. In the transfer, information is converted from physical stimulation to conceptual information (i.e., ideas).
What is encoding?
300
This researcher pioneered research and documented power of observational learning with his Bobo doll studies
Who is Bandura?
400
A reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs automatically, prior to any learning. (jumping from a loud noise)
What is unconditioned response?
400
Learning process in which an organism responds to a stimulus that is similar to a CS to which it previously had learned to respond. (Little Albert now fears all white fluffy things, not just rats)
What is generalization?
400
This refers to changing one’s behavior so that it matches the norms of a group. This concept was tested in the classic Asch experiments.
What is conformity?
400
This involves focusing attention on a stimulus in the environment; concentrating. Determines which information is encoded into short-term memory from sensory memory
What is attentional effort?
400
Lowered feelings of personal obligation to respond to someone in need, because others may respond. This is one of the factors that explains the bystander effect, and is increased the more people are around.
What is diffusion of responsibility?
500
In operant conditioning research, a timetable indicates when reinforcements occur, in relation to the occurrence of behavior. This type of timetable leads to extinction being slow. (think of slot machines)
What is intermittent reinforcement? (or variable reinforcement)
500
This is the removal of a (typically undesired/unpleasant) stimulus that leads to the increase of a behavior (for example - a person studies more because they want to avoid a low grade).
What is negative reinforcement?
500
Is a negative psychological state that occurs when people recognize that two (or more) of their ideas or actions do not fit together sensibly
What is Cognitive dissonance?
500
This type of short-term memory impairment occurs when material learned earlier impairs memory for material learned later. Hint: interference Bonus: Items at list beginning are not affected by this type of interference and are remembered well, which is called the ____ effect
What is proactive interference? Bonus: primacy effect
500
In this study, we learn that people will readily conform to the social roles they are expected to play, especially if the roles are as strongly stereotyped as those of the prison guards. People may even act in ways that conflict with their personal values/personalities because they are playing a social role.
What is Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment?
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