DNA
Mitosis and Meiosis
Cellular Resp. and Photosynthesis
Cells
Macromolecules
100
What are DNA molecules packaged into?
What is chromosomes?
100
The term diploid refers to how many sets of chromosomes? What are about haploid?
What is two and four.
100
Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs _____.
What is glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
100
The evolution of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells most likely involved endosymbiosis. What is endosymbiosis?
What is endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell envolving into mitochondria and chloroplast.
100
What are the four macromolecules and their building blocks?
What is carbohydrates- monosaccharides, lipids- fatty acids, proteins-amino acids, and nucleic acids- nucleotides
200
Explain the structure of DNA.
What is DNA is a double stranded helix with a deoxyribose sugar and phosphate backbone. The middle rings connecting the two strands are made of nucleotide base pairs.
200
The crossing over event happens in which phase of meiosis?
What is prophase 1.
200
A noncompetitive inhibitor decreases the rate of an enzyme reaction by _____.
What is changing the shape of the enzyme's active site
200
What are the four essential elements of life?
What is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
200
When looking at a phospholipid, you see two main sections: tails and a head. Describe what makes up the tails and what are the three parts of the head.
What is the hydrophobic tail contains two fatty acid tails and the hydrophilic head contains these 3 parts: Glycerol, phosphate, and choline.
300
The lagging strand of a DNA molecule undergoing replication reads 3’-CGCATG-5’. What is the code of the DNA that is the template for the complementary leading strand of this segment?
What is 3’-CGCATG-5.’
300
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids line up in a plate at the center of the dividing cell?
What is metaphase.
300
During aerobic respiration, a journey of an electron follows along in which sequence
What is glucose to NADH to electron transport chain to oxygen.
300
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
What is Archaea and Bacteria
300
What are the bonds that form between each of the macromolecules' building blocks to make larger molecules?
What is peptide bonds form proteins, ester bonds form lipids, glycosidic linkages form carbohydrates, and phosphodiester linkages form nucleotides.
400
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
What is DNA uses deoxyribose, thymine, and is double stranded. RNA uses ribose, uracil, and is single stranded.
400
If you cross breed two plants that are heterozygous for the color trait (both plants Rr), what would the ratios be?
What is homozygous dominant 25%,homozygous recessive 25%, heterozygous 50%.
400
Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
What is C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced.
400
What are the seven characteristics of life?
What are responsiveness to the environment; growth and change; ability to reproduce; have a metabolism and breathe; maintain homeostasis;being made of cells; and passing traits onto offspring
400
What is the importance of a protein's folds? And what is it called when these folds are damaged?
What is a protein's folds determines its structure and function. The process of a protein losing its structure is called denaturation.
500
Explain the process of DNA replication. What are the major enzymes involved?
Answers my vary for explanation. What are helicase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase.
500
In cytokinesis, how do plant cells divide differently than animal cells undergoing mitosis?
What is the plant cells form a cell wall in between the two nucleus
500
In the thylakoid membranes, the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex _____.
What is absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll
500
Name the major differences and similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
What is eukaryotic cells are usually multicellular, membrane bound nucleus, membrane bound organelles, linear DNA, mitochrondria present, 80S ribsomes. Prokaryotic cells are usually single-celled, have nucleiods, circular DNA, mitochrondria absent, ribsomes are 70S. They both have cell walls, cell membranes, and cytoplasm.
500
What are 4 interactions that occur to help form a tertiary structure of a protein?
What is ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals interactions, disulfide bridges.
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