Sanctions
The Big House
Guess Who
The Kitchen-Sink
On Paper
100
These are punishment options for initial sentences more restrictive than traditional probation but less restrictive than jail or prison. For example, judges commonly sentence offenders to one or a combination of intermediate sanctions before requiring incarceration.
What are Front-End Programs?
100
This was the first historical phase of prison discipline, involving solitary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment.
What is the Pennsylvania System?
100
He coined the term parole.
Who is Dr. S.G. Howe?
100
The contract process that shifts public functions, responsibilities, and capital assets, in part or in whole, from the public sector to the private sector.
What is Privatization?
100
This is the conditional release of a prisoner, prior to the completion of the imposed sentence, under the supervision of the state.
What is parole?
200
This is increasing the number of offenders sentenced to a higher level of restriction. It results in sentencing offenders to more restrictive sanctions than their offenses and characteristics warrant.
What is Net Widening?
200
Penitentiaries are relatively modern social institutions and their development is distinctly _____________.
What is American?
200
He was the first superintendent of the Elmira Reformatory in New York, the first institution to implement an extensive parole program.
Who is Zebulon Brockway?
200
This principle requires that prison conditions--including the delivery of health care--must be a step below those of the working class and people on welfare.
What is the Principle of Least Eligibility?
200
This is the correctional agency that has the authority to grant parole.
What is a Parole Board?
300
These are sanctions that move offenders from higher levels of control to lower ones for the final phase of their sentences. An example of this would be the state department of corrections moving an offender from prison to remote-location monitoring.
What are Back-End Programs?
300
Also known as the congregate system, this prison discipline called for silence but allowed the inmates to work together in groups.
What is the Auburn System?
300
He was a director in the Irish Prison System who implemented a program of conditional release which is considered the forerunner in modern American Parole.
Who is Sir Walter Crofton?
300
This group advocated for a prison system which shifted the emphasis from punishing the body to reforming the mind and soul.
Who are the Quakers?
300
The early release based on the paroling authority's assessment of eligibility.
What is Discretionary Release?
400
This is the emergency release option for special docket offenders, generally used to relieve prison crowding.
What are Trap-Door (or Side-Door) Programs?
400
This country has the highest incarceration rate in the world.
What is the United States?
400
He was the first superintendent of Norfolk Island. He also developed the ticket of leave and the marks system, and preferred an indeterminate sentencing model.
Who is Alexander Maconochie?
400
This is a philosophy of prisoner reform in which criminal behavior is regarded as a disease to be treated with the appropriate therapy.
What is the Medical Model?
400
The early release after a time period specified by law.
What is Mandatory Release?
500
This is a philosophy of correctional treatment that embraces the decentralization of authority, citizen participation, redefinition of the population for whom incarceration is most appropriate, and placed an emphasis on the rehabilitation through community programs.
What is Community Corrections?
500
This is the fundamental difference between jail and prison.
What is the Nature of Their Population?
500
It is believed that this King of England ordered the first jail built in 1166.
Who is King Henry II?
500
This means depriving people who have been convicted of felonies the right to vote.
What is Disenfranchisement?
500
The concept of parole has its roots in this 18th century practice.
What is Indentured Servitude?
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