Sedative hypnotics and Volatiles
NARCOTICS
PHARMACODYNAMICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
NMB AGENTS, AND REVERSALS
VASOPRESSORS AND OTHER RELEVANT DRUGS
100
Ketamine antagonizes/promotes the ____ receptor producing dissociative anesthesia between the ____ and ____ system
antagonizes, nmda, thalamus, limbic
100
all opioids are acidic or basic drugs? Their MOA decreases the conductance of voltage gated ____ channels
What is basic drugs and calcium channels
100
How many liters of Total Body Water?
What is 42 Liters
100
Nondepolarizing muscle blockers create what kind of block
What is Phase 2
100
Which transdermal patch decreases risk for PONV
What is Scopalamine
200
Name the anesthetics that work on the GABA receptor
Volatiles, Propofol, barbs, benzos, etomidate
200
Which two opioid receptors are primarily responsible for respiratory depression?
What is mu 2 and delta
200
In terms of volume of distribution, which tissue group receives the highest % of cardiac output?
What is vessel rich group
200
Hofmann elimination is based on what 2 factors
What is pH and temperature
200
Which beta blockers are selective and which are nonselective? How is esmolol metabolized? and which beta blocker should you not use in asthmatics and why?
What is selective: esmolol and metoprolol, nonselective: labetolol. metabolized by rapid hydrolysis by esterases. Don't use labetolol in asthmatics/reactive airways prone to bronchospasm bc its nonselective for beta recepetors 1 and 2(bronchodilation).
300
What are some contraindications to using N2O?
Contraindications: air embolism, pneumothorax, intestinal obstruction, pulmonary htn, pneumocephalus, middle ear and retinal procedures
300
describe the cardiac, respiratory, and cns effects of narcotics i general- 2 of each please
What is Cardiac: dec BP due to dec sympathetic outflow; vasodilation with histamine releasing agents, may impair compensatory response (orthostatic hypotension) Respiratory: dec RR, inc resting pco2, dec response to hypercarbia, dec response to hypoxia, dec airway reflexes CNS: dec CMRO2, Dec ICP
300
In pharmacology, pKa is can also be thought of as what?
What is onset of action
300
What is an active metabolite of cisatracurium?
What is Laudanosine?
300
List an example of a direct acting, indirecting acting, and mixed acting adrenergic agonist
What is Examples: direct: phenylephrine, epinephrine Indirect: amphetamines, cocaine Mixed: ephedrine
400
Factors influencing the uptake of inhaled anesthetics are
What is : ^ Fa/Fi ratio→ ^ speed of induction, solubility/partition coefficients, CO, second gas effect(esp n2O), minute ventilation
400
C fibers and A fibers: which are myelinated or unmyelinated, which are fast or slow conducting and which cause a dull or sharp pain
slow conducting, unmyelinated C fibers (which cause a dull burning pain) and faster, thinly myelinated A fibers (which cause sharp, prickling pain)
400
When the constant fraction of a drug is metabolized per unit of time this is _______ order kinetics
What is First
400
A patient has a dibucaine number of 20, how long will Succs last?
What is 4-8h
400
Prilocaine, Benzocaine, and EMLA cream can cause what? What drug do we treat this with
What is Methemoglobinemia and methylene blue
500
What is propofol infusion syndrome and what causes it?
metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis of cardiac and skeletal muscle, arrythmias and organ failure- due to poisioning of the electron transport chain, mimicing mitochondrial myopathy- so if patient gets tachycardiac check Blood gas and lactate levels(elevated lactate=met acidosis)----propofol infusions > 48 hrs
500
Place fentanyl, remifentanyl, sufentanil and alfentanil in order from most lipid soluble to least lipid soluble
What is · Most lipid soluble to least : Sufentanil, fentanyl, alfentanyl, remifentanyl
500
When an weak acid is in a solution with a pH < pKa, which form is it in?
What is nonionized
500
Which neuromuscular blocker is the most potent that we use in daily practice?
What is Cisatracurium
500
Which aminoglycoside can cause hearing loss?
What is Gentamycin
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