This is the name given to describe Muhammad's flight from Mecca, which marks the beginning of the Islamic Calendar. (Abigail Greene)
What is the Hijaz?
100
The modern-day nation-state of Saudia Arabia is home to these two important cities in the Islamic tradition. (Rachel)
What is Mecca and Medina?
100
The Sahara in North Africa and the Indian ocean in East Africa (Caroline H)
What are the gateways of Islam in Africa?
100
This is the act of accusing another Muslim of unbelief. It was used to justify slavery (Maya)
What is takfir
100
A fortress or walled city, many of which were constructed along the edge of the Sokoto Caliphate in a zig zag formation to protect its borderlands. (Abigail Greene)
What is a ribat?
200
The early caliphate from 632-661CE comprised of these four caliphs. (Rachel)
Who are Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali?
200
This city is located in the modern day nation-state of Syria and was the center of the Umayyad Caliphate. (Rachel)
What is Damascus
200
The way in which Africans created Islamic spaces for themselves. This demonstrates the importance of Africans in the spread of Islam across Africa, and their ability to make the religion their own. (Caroline H)
What is Africanization?
200
Although the idea of aggressive jihad was very much so acceptable, Islam was introduced into Sub-Saharan Africa through these means (Maya)
What is peaceful
200
A revered mystic woman associated with the bori cult. (Abigail Greene)
What is an Inna?
300
Religious communities within the Caliphate that were not Muslim, and had to pay extra taxes but were able to continue their traditions within their own communities, and enjoyed most of (but not all) of the rights given to the rest of the caliphate. Religions of the book were especially protected. (Caroline H)
What are Dhimmis?
300
This is the city that Mansa Musa made his famous hajj in 324 and was a teaching city center. (Rachel)
What is Timbuktu?
300
A conversion model which emphasizes the openness of traditional african religion, and African's own role in spreading and accepting Islam in sub-saharan Africa as recipients. There is a movement away from emphasis on the traditional transmitters, and a focus on the African recipients. (Caroline H)
What is Sannehs model of conversion?
300
This empire experienced its peak from the 1200s to the 1400s as well as a plethora of wealth due to gold and therefore an enhancement in scholarly networks (Maya)
What is Mali
300
The reformed Islam practiced in the Sokoto Caliphate had a strong belief in the coming End Time, which, in its final years, may have contributed to its downfall as its people turned to personal piety. This is another name for belief in End Times. (Abigail Greene)
What is millenialism?
400
In order of authority, these are the four sources of wisdom from which the law is derived in Islamic Law. (Abigail Greene)
What are the Qur'an, Sunna/Hadiths, Ijma/consensus, and qiyas/analogy?
400
The Sahil/Sahil and the Sahara Desert (Rachel)
What are the two “gateways” of Islam in Africa?
400
An intellectualist model of conversion based on the ideas of microcosm and macrocosm. This model claims it will be able to predict who converts based on their place in the hierarchy of society and ability to move geographically and expand their worldview beyond their microcosm to the macro level. (Caroline H)
What is the Horton's model of conversion?
400
This time period after the flourishing of three significant kingdoms saw Islam's growth from a a very urban religion to rural areas to create jama'at (Maya)
What is the 1600s
400
A five-line verse made of an existing couplet with three proceeding original lines. These were an way to honor older poets while creating new work, especially accessible for women scholars. (Abigail Greene)
What are takhmis?
500
The early caliphate Ali was assassinated by the Kharajites which began the schism between these two types of Islam (Maya)
What is Sunni and Shia
500
This place name was a part of the local nation-state of Tunisia. (Rachel)
What is Ifriqiya?
500
A practice which many Islamic scholars believed demonstrated the lesser purity of African Islam, because of its mixing with traditional African culture. A practice in courts Ibn Battuta specifically wrote about and took issue with during his visits to West Africa. (Caroline H)
What is head dusting?
500
The Sokoto Caliphate's reign lasted from 1812 to 1903 and was characterized by a strengthening of Islam itself, architecture, and literary and intellectual achievements. However, following the increased trade and interaction with this country, the Caliphate declined and was overtaken. (Maya)
What is Britain
500
Literally translated "caravan leader," is is the name given to women in Nana Asma'u's literate trained core of female teachers and leaders. (Abigail Greene)