Name the layers of the Earth in order from surface to center.
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
100
What is Pangaea
A supercontinent that scientists think existed millions of years ago before the continents drifted.
100
How do plates move at a divergent boundary?
Plates move apart or away from each other
100
At which type of boundary do earthquakes form?
Transform Boundary
100
Where do most volcanoes occur?
At plate boundaries (Ring of Fire)
200
Which two layers of the earth interact to cause tectonic activity (volcanoes, earthquakes, etc)
Crust and Mantle
200
What is contintental drift.
The theory that the continents are slowly moving apart each year because of interaction between the crust and mantle.
200
How do plates move at a convergent boundary?
Plates collide or move toward each other.
200
What is the scale or instrument used to measure earthquakes?
Richter scale or seismometer/seismograph
200
What two layers are interacting in the formation of a volcano?
Crust and Mantle
300
What happens to the temperature and pressure as you travel towards the center of the Earth.
Temperature rises
Pressure rises
300
Name 3 pieces of evidence to support the theory of continental drift.
Same fossils on different continents
Continents fit together like puzzles
Mountain ranges seem to match up
Glaciers in areas that are now hot
300
At what type of boundary will you see ridges, trenches, and valleys?
Divergent Boundary
300
What is the point called underground where the land breaks and the earthquake starts
Focus
300
Where does the magma of the volcano come from?
Mantle
400
Name and describe the process that is happening in the mantle that causes the crust to move/break.
Convection Current -
Magma closer to the core gets hot, less dense, and rises
As it rises towards the surface of the Earth, it cools down and becomes more dense
When it becomes more dense it sinks towards the core
Then the cycle continues
400
What is causing the continents to drift?
Magma from the mantle leaks into the crust and creates new crust in a process called SEA FLOOR SPREADING
400
What is a plate boundary?
The place where two plates meet?
400
Name and describe one type of earthquake wave.
P wave - primary, fastest, push and pull, starts at focus
S wave - secondary, slower, up and down, more destructive
L wave - surface, slowest, up and down, most destructive, starts at epicenter
400
At a convergent boundary, magma can come up from the mantle when one plate slides under the other. What is this called?
Subduction Zone
500
What are the states of matter and compositions of each layer of earth?
Crust - solid, rock
Mantle - bendable solid, molten rock
Outer Core - liquid, metal
Inner Core - solid, metal
500
At what type of boundary does sea floor spreading occur?
Divergent Boundary
500
How to plates move at a transform boundary? What does this cause?
They slide side by side and this causes earthquakes.
500
How could you build a house so that it is more earthquake proof?
Use steel not brick!
Reinforce walls with cross structures
Use strong foundation
Build on bedrock not loose soil.
500
Explain what parts of a volcano are the most destructive?