Cell Signaling
Cell Signaling
Mitosis
Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle
100
Which part of the plasma membrane is most directly involved in cell signaling?
What are proteins
100
What is the type of reception in which a ligand binds to a surface channel protein causing that channel to open and allow ions to move into the cell down their concentration gradient?
What is ligand-gated ion channels?
100
All the DNA in a cell is called what?
What is the genome?
100
What is the difference between how animals cells and plant cells go through cytokinesis?
What is formation of the cell plate in plant cells vs cleavage in animal cells?
100
Why do cells divide?
What is to replace dead or damaged cells, so they don't get too large, so organisms can grow, so asexual reproduction can happen?
200
Which type of molecule (polar or non polar) attaches to proteins on the surface of a cell membrane because they cannot pass through?
What are polar molecules?
200
How do ligand-gated ion channels produce a cellular response?
What is changing the pH of the cell so enzymes are activated or deactivated?
200
What is the name for the condensed form DNA takes to prepare for mitosis?
What are chromosomes?
200
What is the principle molecule in charge of regulating the cell cycle?
What are proteins!
200
What are the three stages within interphase?
What is G1, S, G2
300
What is the vocabulary term for a signal molecule?
What is a ligand?
300
Name the type of reception in which a small, non polar molecule passes through the plasma membrane and binds to a receptor protein in the cytoplasm
What is intracellular reception?
300
During anaphase of mitosis what is separating within the cell?
What are sister chromatids?
300
What happens during S phase?
What is DNA replication?
300
What are the two phases within M phase (cell division?)
What is mitosis and cytokinesis?
400
What are the two terms (one for animal and one for plant) for direct connections between cells that allow for cell to cell communication in eukaryotes?
What are gap junctions (animals) and plasmodesmata (plants)?
400
What is the name for a factor that causes genes to be turned on and off during the final response stage of cell signaling?
What is a transcription factor?
400
What is the name for the final splitting of the cell that takes place simultaneously with telophase?
What is cytokinesis?
400
What is the purpose of cell checkpoints?
What is ensuring cells are made correctly?
400
What is the name of the complex that is activated by cyclins to signal the cell to move to the next stage in the cell cycle?
What are cyclin-dependent protein kinases? (Cdks)
500
What are the three stages of cell signaling?
What is reception, transduction, and response?
500
Explain how g-protein coupled receptors work
A ligand binds to a g protein-coupled receptor on the surface of the plasma membrane. That binding induces a shape change which releases a g-protein. That G-protein becomes activated when GTP binds to it through phosphorylation. It will then in turn activate the next protein in the chain reaction
500
What is the name of the structure that organizes chromosomes during mitosis?
What is the mitotic spindle?
500
What is the name of the disease that occurs when cell checkpoints are not working properly?
What is cancer?
500
Explain how cyclins regulate the cell cycle
When cyclins are produced they activate Cdks signaling transition to the next stage in the cell cycle. When they degrade Cdks are deactivated, signaling the end of the transition
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