The Great Depression

Government

100

To cope with the Depression, new political parties soon emerged

What is Conservative Party ("To cope with the Depression, new political parties soon emerged.")

200

Type of relief by 1935

What is New Deal ("The Bennett Government, which defeated Mackenzie King in the 1930 election, initially refused to offer large-scale aid or relief to the provinces, much to the anger of provincial premiers, but it eventually gave in and started a Canadian "New Deal" type of relief by 1935")

300

Led to a large federal deficit

What are Make Work and welfare programs ("Make-work programs were begun, and welfare and other assistance programs became vastly larger. This led to a large federal deficit")

400

This effort was really unsuccessful

What is Minimum wage and unemployment insurance (And other programs, this was very unsuccessful. The Provinces challenged the rights of the federal government to manage these programs.")

500

The failure to help the economy led to the defeat of 1935

What is The Conservatives defeat ("Conservatives' defeat in the 1935 election when the Liberals, still led by Mackenzie King, returned to power.")

Causes

100

Experienced the lowest price for wheat in recorded history and saw provincial income plummet by 90%

What is Saskatchewan (Because of the droughts in the prairies, plagues of grasshoppers and hail storms.)

200

Two provinces experienced heavy amounts of unemployment

What are Ontario &  Québec (Because they where dependent on only a couple of resources.)

300

Overall public and private spending fell by 42%. By 1933, 30%

What is the country’s Gross National Expenditure ("declining by 42%. Some areas had a far worse decline of Gross National Expenditure.")

400

The value of the New York stock market fell dramatically,

What is stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (Due to the stock market crash unemployment was at an all time high)

500

The Great Depression began with the dramatic crash of the stock market on a certain day

What is "Black Thursday" ("16 million shares of stock were quickly sold as panic spread. There where number of serious weaknesses in the economy that started the Great Depression.")

Society

100

throughout the 1930's growth dropped to a new lowest point

What is population growth of the 1930's ("Demographic changes were a revealing index of hardship. Population growth throughout the 1930s reached the lowest point since the 1880s ")

200

A dominate political and Social Discourse

What is Sweatshop Crisis ("Came to dominate political and social discourse after 1934. Ontario's 1935 Industrial Standards Act (ISA) was designed to bring workers and employers together under the auspices of the state to establish minimum wages and work standards.")

300

Based on the Economic theories of an Englishman

What is Social Credit ("Often called SoCred) was a populist political movement strongest in Alberta and neighbouring British Columbia, 1930s-1970s.")

400

Became a political movement in 1935

What is The Social Credit Movement ("The Social Credit movement began in Alberta in 1932; it became a political movement in 1935 and suddenly burned like a prairie fire.")

500

Was designed to bring workers and employers together

What is Industrial Standards Act (ISA) ("was designed to bring workers and employers together under the auspices of the state to establish minimum wages and work standards. The establishment of New Deal style industrial codes was premised on the mobilization of organized capital and organized labour to combat unfair competition, stop the spread of relief-subsidized labour, and halt the predations of sweatshop capitalism. Although the ISA did not bring about extensive economic regulation, it excited considerable interest in the possibility of government intervention.")

effects

100

Education suffered greatly of many things due to the great depression

What is school budgets (Due to the great depression the schools suffered from lack of school budgets, electricity, running water, increased class sizes.)

200

Canada's Economy was shifting from farming and fishing, logging etc into

What is Manufacturing ("Exports of raw material plunged, where prices and profits fell in every sector. Thus Canada's economy started to shift.")

300

There where many strikes and protests that led to violence. Ones where police where killed.

What is the Estevan Riot ("In the Estevan Riot in Estevan Saskatchewan. Was a confrontation between the RCMP and striking coal miners. There where three deaths. The three deaths where people who where on strike.")

400

Due to the depression the women worked harder causing them to have to recycle food, buying even horse meat

What is Sunday Roast ("Housewives worked even harder due to finical issues. The had to patch clothing, trade clothing with neighbours and made do with colder houses.")

500

Canada was greatly affected because of the reliance on base commodities, which fell 50%

What is International Trade ("In the 1920's about 25% of the Canadian Gross National Product was derived from exports.")

The depression

100

In 1929 what quickly reached Canada

What is the Great Depression "The worldwide depression that started in the United States in late 1929 quickly reached Canada. Between 1929 and 1939, the gross domestic product dropped 40%."

200

Canada did have some advantages over other countries suffering as well

What is a Stable Banking System ("The Stable Banking System had no failures during the entire depression. Compared to over 9,000 small banks that collapsed in the United States.")

300

United States first reaction was to raise tariffs

What is Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (" Passed into law of June 17, 1930, this hurt the Canadian economy as they relied on getting supplies from other countries. This caused Canada to retaliate and raise their own rates.")

400

In the middle of the Great Depression the Crown-in-Council attempted to uplift the people, creating two national corporations

What are Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission and the Bank of Canada ("It was seen as a means to keep the country unified and uplifted in these harsh economic times. Many poor citizens found radio as an escape and used it to restore their faith in a brighter future.")

500

It took a war to break out to help pull Canada out of the Great Depression

What is WW II ("From 1939 an increased demand in Europe for materials and increased spending by the Canadian government created a strong boost for the economy.")