Islam
Mohammed
Battle of Tours
Crusades
Miscellaneous
100
The birth place of Islam
Arabia
100
How did Mohammed get his revelation and what was the foundation of them?
He was resting in a cave when the Angel Gabriel appeared to him and told him to read the words of Allah. Mohammed said that Allah is the same as the One the Jews and Christians call God. He proclaimed that he was Allah’s choice to bring to men the perfect and complete truth and that he was the last in a series of prophets that includes Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. He preached that all who believed in Allah and him and did all that he taught, would spend eternity in heaven. (pg.101)
100
Who invades France and where do they come from?
The Muslims invade from Spain, renamed al-Andalus.
100
What started the Crusades?
Started when European pilgrims were attacked by Seljuk Turks who had gained territory in the Middle East and close to Constantinople (Eastern Roman Empire). Emperor Alexius Comnenus sent a plea to the pope to send mercenaries to help shore up his army and protect Constantinople and the Eastern Roman Empire.
100
What Biblical character do Arabs trace their lineage to?
Ishmael
200
What does the name Islam mean?
Surrender
200
How were Mohammed’s revelations accepted in Mecca? What were the results in the beginning?
The business men in Mecca feared Mohammed’s teaching against the old Arabian religion of multiple gods, spirits and idols. It was threatening Mecca as the religious center of Arabia. It got so bad the Mohammed and his few followers left Mecca and went to Medina where they were more open to his message.This flight is called the Hegira. Meanwhile, Mecca leadership tried to kill him in Medina and were helped by Jewish leaders who saw Mohammed’s teachings did not agree with the OT. When discovered, the Jews were beheaded and women and children sold into slavery. Mohammed and followers thwarted Mecca’s attempts to kill him.
200
Who put out a call for the mercenaries in Europe?
Pope Urban II
200
What was the name for Spain under the Muslim rule?
Al-Andelus
300
List the 5 Pillars of Islam
Must acknowledge that no one but Allah is to be worshipped and that he is the only god and Mohammed is his prophet. Must pray to Allah 5 times a day, facing Mecca. Must give to charity and to the poor. Must fast during Ramadan, from sun up to sun-down. Must make a pilgrimage, or hajj, to Mecca during their lifetime. (pg. 102)
300
What happened when Mohammed went back to Mecca with a larger army?
Conquered Mecca Cleaned the Kaaba, demolishing all idols Established Islam
300
Where did Charles get the money to raise an army?
Talked the church into giving him land that he sold to fund his army
300
What did Pope Urban promise?
Pope also gave absolution for anyone who went to fight not to gain land or fame, but for the cause of Christ, pardon for all sins they have done or will do.
300
What was unique about the Seljuk Turks style of warfare?
Seljuk Turks were expert horsemen who also could shoot bow and arrows while riding. They would dash in and out on their horses and avoid enemy arrows. Turkish bowyers specialized in weapons which were particularly good for imparting high velocity to very light arrows.
400
Names of the 2 major divisions of Islam from the beginning until now.
Sunnis - 85% Shiites - 15%
400
What happened to the leadership of Islam after Mohammed died?
Mohammed's successors were called Caliphs and they led the Arab Muslims in holy wars to conquer much of the Middle East. There was a split early on because of an argument of who should be the next in line after Mohammed died.
400
What is the significance of the Battle of Tours?
Stopped the Muslim advance further into Europe and pushed them back to Spain.
400
Describe the First Official Crusade?
1096 - 1099 Great European nobles at the forefront. 50,000 or more crusaders. Overwhelmed Constantinople and the Eastern emperor Alexius Comnenus made the crusades make a vow to serve him and Byzantine Empire and to give all lands gained to him and not take any for themselves. They all made the vow to him and he gave them food and money for the war. This first crusade did get land and made it all the way down to Jerusalem and conquered it.
400
What is the significance of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071?
Significance is that this victory gained major Christian land from the Byzantines. Eastern Roman Emperor pleaded with western Europe for help. This triggered the whole Crusades
500
What is the holy book and how did it come about and what can you say about it?
means “recitation” because the men around Mohammed wrote down what he said he was reciting from Allah. holy book of Islam Teaching is that there is no god but Allah. Says it is the same God as the one God of the Jews and Christians Completely rejects the teaching of the Bible. Allah has revealed his will through Mohammed, “and Mohammed is his prophet.” Mohammed is the last prophet.
500
What was the name of the angel who appeared to Mohammed and who was the first convert?
Angel Gabriel and his first convert was his wife, Khadijah, who said he wasn't crazy. He was the Prophet of Allah.
500
What was Charles' strategy?
Charles sent a small group of fighters to get behind and ransack the treasures the Muslims had taken in their conquests. This led the Muslim fighters to rush back to camp and deserted the larger army, leaving the commander to fall and die.
500
How do the Ottoman Turks End the Eastern Roman Empire?
Became the most powerful force in the Muslim world of the Middle East. IN 1453, Mohammed II captured Constantinople. This event marked the END OF THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE! The crusades failed to gain any territory or to secure the Eastern Roman Empire as was hoped. The Ottomans kept Europe on the defensive for about two centuries.
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