Stars
Types of Stars/Star Birth
Exoplanet
Hot Jupiters
Red Supergiant
100
What is a star mainly made of
Hydrogen
100
What are gas clouds that give birth to stars Bonus - what are they made of
Molecular clouds (hydrogen gas)
100
Who first predicted the existence of exoplanets and in what year
Giordano Bruno in 1584
100
What is the surface temperature of the hottest known hot Jupiter
Over 2000 degrees centigrade or 4000 degrees farenheit
100
What is the heaviest element a star can fuse?
silicon
200
What is the closest star forming region to earth?
Orion Nebula
200
What is the time it takes for a solar system to form
50 million years
200
When was the first exoplanet discovered?
1995
200
Which is one of the first hot jupiters to be detected?
Upsilon Andromedae
200
what causes a star to explode? Why
When it tries to fuse iron. Iron fusion cannot maintain outward pressure so gravity overwhelms the core
300
What are the layers of sun-sized stars
Bonus: inner layer - travels by radiation outer layer - carries by convection
300
What is the number of stars within the Orion Nebula
2000
300
The Keplar telescope discovered how many exoplanets orbiting the star Keplar 62 and who far is it from earth
5 exoplanets; 11 million billion km (7 million billion miles) from earth
300
Why do scientists think that hot jupiters must have originated farther away from their stars?
There would not have been enough material so close to a star for such huge planets to form there
300
What causes the supernova?
star's collapsing outer layers rebound off flood of neutrinos causing a catastrophic explosion
400
What are types of radiation that stars emit and how they travel
Ultraviolet rays and microwaves
400
Which red supergiant makes up Orion's shoulder; this is also one of the largest stars in the Northern sky
Betelguese
400
Name the exoplanets in the Keplar solar system in the habitable zone
62e (most like earth) and 62f (cold earth)
400
How do hot Jupiters compare to other planets in our solar system?
They are hotter (between 2000-3000 F or 1000-1500C). These are the temps at which molten lava, liquid gold, or iron form
400
Which forces are balanced in a star's life and can become unbalanced at the end of a star's life?
Gravity pulls matter in the star inwards and pressure pushes it outwards
500
Who are 2 astronomers who discovered a way to classify stars
Ejnar Hertzsprung, Henry Russell
500
The dense discs of gas and dust surrounding the youngest stars in Orion's nebula are called
Prophyds
500
What is another name for a habitable zone and define it
Goldilock's zone; where temps are just right for water to exist as a liquid on the planet's surface
500
Name one of the nearest hot Jupiters. What color is it and why?
Blue planet (HD 189733b) Deep blue color due to vast numbers of silicate particles (glass rain) in its atmosphere
500
Name the components of the inner structure of a red supergiant in the last moments of its life
hydrogen fusing shell helium fusing shell carbon fusing shell neon fusing shell oxygen fusing shell silicone fusing shell iron core
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