The Etruscans and Ancient Rome
Ancient Greece
Church Architecture
Religious Medieval Painting & Sculpture
The Medieval Christian Lifestyle
100
A building material invented by the Romans and consisting of various proportions of lime mortar, volcanic sand, water, and small stones.
What is concrete? BONUS: What are some of the structural advantages of using concrete?
100
The disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned in opposition to another part (usually hips and legs one way, shoulders and chest another), creating a counterpositioning of the body about its central axis.
What is contrapposto? BONUS: model this pose.
100
A large rectangular building initially used by the Romans as centers for administration, later adapted to Christian church use.
What is a basilica?
100
A luxurious handmade book with separate pages bound together on one side and containing painted illustrations and decorations.
What is an illuminated manuscript and/or codex?
100
A journey of public devotion, in which the devout travel long distances to visit the major shrines of the Christian religion throughout Europe.
What is a pilgrimage?
200
In Etruscan architecture, a mound covering one or more subterranean multichambered tombs cut out of the local tufa.
What is a tumulus? BONUS: describe the objects and artworks one might find inside a tumuli.
200
An early Greek sculptor's way of indicating that the person portrayed is alive.
What is an archaic smile?
200
The central space of a basilica, two or three stories high and usually flanked by aisles.
What is a nave?
200
A writing and painting surface made from treated animal skins.
What is parchment? BONUS: Very fine parchment is called what?
200
The body parts, clothing, or objects associated with a holy figure, such as Christ or a Christian saint.
What is a relic?
300
The style of Roman mural painting in which the aim was to dissolve the confining walls of a room and replace them with the illusion of a three-dimensional world constructed in the artist's imagination.
What is second style roman wall painting? BONUS: briefly describe the other three styles of roman wall painting.
300
One of the most ornate of the Greek column capitals, consisting of a double row of acanthus leaves from which tendrils and flowers grow.
What is a corinthian capital? BONUS: What are the other Greek orders? What type of temple makes use of a colonnaded design?
300
The three main characteristics of Gothic cathedrals.
What are pointed ribbed vaults, stained glass windows, and flying buttresses. BONUS: What is the difference between a cathedral and a church?
300
An image in any material representing a sacred figure or event in the Byzantine Church. These images were venerated by the faithful, who believed them to have miraculous powers to transmit messages to God.
What is an icon?
300
A standing figure praying with outstretched and upraised arms.
What is an orant?
400
The chamber at the center of an ancient temple; in a classical temple, the room in which the cult statue usually stood.
What is a cella?
400
An archaic greek statue of a young man.
What is a kouros? BONUS: What was the function of many kouros figures? Where might one find a kouros in ancient times?
400
An open space, part of a monastery, surrounded by an arcaded or colonnaded walkway. Dedicated to nonliturgical activities. Used only by the monks.
What is a cloister?
400
French, "partition." A cell made of metal wire or a narrow metal strip soldered edge-up to a metal base to hold enamel, semi-precious stones, pieces of colored glass, or glass paste fired to resemble sparkling jewels
What is cloisone/cloisonne? BONUS: give an example.
400
The banning or destruction of images, especially icons and religious art.
What is iconoclasm. BONUS: What were some of the motivations fueling the Byzantine iconoclasm?
500
The Roman Emperor known for ending the persecution of the Christians.
Who is Constantine?
500
A bronze-casting method in which a figue is modeled in wax and covered with clay; the whole is fired, melting away the wax and hardening the clay, which then becomes a mold for molten metal.
What is the lost-wax process?
500
The edge formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults.
What is a groin?
500
The writing studio of a monastery.
What is a scriptorium?
500
A subterranean burial ground consisting of tunnels on different levels, having niches for urns and sarcophagi and often incorporating rooms.
What are the catacombs?
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