board review

Cards

100

This extra heart sound is due to deceleration of blood flow into a non-compliant L ventricle.

S3(most common cause...?)

200

Angina, exertional syncope, and L-sided heart failure point classically point to this condition.

AS

300

This is the most common cause for pulsus paradoxus.

Obstructive Lung Disease(COPD, severe asthma)

400

This is the pathogenesis of Prinzmetal angina?

coronary artery vasospasm(txt drug of choice...?)

500

Name 5 classic signs of Infective Endocarditis.

petechia(non-blanching) splinter hemorrhages(fingernails) Osler's nodes(tender, papular, fingers) Janeway lesions(non-tender, macular, palms/soles) Roth spots(retinal)

Pulm

100

Childhood nasal polyps on exam should raise your concern for this disease.

Cystic Fibrosis

200

This physical exam sign and XRAY finding is classic for epiglottitis.

Tripod position w/ drooling, thumbprint sign

300

This is the most common type of lung cancer.

squam > adeno > small(oat) cell

400

This is the underlying pathological cause for pulmonary hypertension.

chronic hypoxia(COPD, PE, MS, OSA, cardiac shunts)

500

These 3 diseases are caused by asbestosis.

pneumoconioses mesothelioma lung ca

Peds

100

The Moro reflex(drop head = extend arms, elbows) disappears at what age.

6months

200

This is the Wessel criteria(rule of 3s) for dx of croup.

3hrs/day, 3days/wk, >3wks, age < 3m

300

This is the treatment escalation for croup.

cool mist, O2, racemic epi neb, steroids(dexamethasone)

400

This is classic triad for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome(HUS).

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure...(most common bac cause?)

500

Name 3 causes for jaundice in first day of life.

sepsis, congenital infections, ABO/Rh incomp

ID

100

Bites from bat, skunk, and/or raccoons should raise concern for this disease.

Rabies

200

These two diseases are transmitted by the deer tick(Ixodes scapularis)

Lyme(fever, myalgias, HA, erythema chronicum migrans) and Babesiosis(fever, splenomeg, hemolysis, jaundice)

300

Focal neuro deficits in setting of HIV/lymph/leuk with hypointense lesions on CT raise suspicion for this diagnosis and cause.

PML caused by JC virus

400

This is the connection between sickle cell and malaria.

sickle cell trait(heterozygous) imparts RESISTANCE to malaria

500

Name 3-5 causes for false positive VDRL/RPR.

mono, TB, endocarditis, IVDU, connective tissue dis

Womens Health

100

This is the hormonal change responsible for the onset of menses.

progesterone withdrawal

200

This is the leading cause of death in women.

heart disease > cancer > CVA > MVA

300

This is the percentage of pregnancies that result in spontaneous abortions.

20-25%

400

This is the most common site of endometriosis and the treatment of choice.

ovaries; danazol(decrease LH, FSH)

500

Ectopic pregnancy most commonly manifest at this gestational age AND these conditions qualify the patient for metotrexate txt.

age 6-8wks; hemodynamically stable, unruptured < 4cm