The theory that says two kinds of substances exist in the world, physical and non-physical
What is dualism?
100
Given the past and the laws of nature, the present couldn't be any way other than it is.
What is determinism?
100
One and the same thing that exists at different times.
What is numerical identity?
100
Moral theories that claim that an action is right if they bring about the best consequences.
What are consequentialist theories?
200
The truth of the premises guarantee the truth of the conclusion
What is deductive argument?
200
The theory that says the non-physical mind and the physical body have two causal interaction.
What is interactionism (aka Cartesian Dualism)?
200
Determinism is false and free actions are uncaused.
What is indeterminism (aka randomness)?
200
Personhood is not an essential property of us, being a human animal is an essential property of us.
What is animalism?
200
Moral principles plus factual beliefs
What is the logical structure of moral judgments?
300
If the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true, and all of the premises are true.
What is a sound argument?
300
Mental states are just functional states
What is functionalism?
300
An agent would have done otherwise if s/he had chosen to do otherwise.
What is the conditional analysis of 'could have done otherwise'?
300
A brave officer remembers being a boy, and a general remembers being a brave officer, but not being a boy. So the general is and is not identical to the boy.
What is the brave officer story?
300
If God likes an action because it is right, then Divine Command Theory is false. If an action is right because God likes it, then Divine Command Theory is true and moral principles are arbitrary.
What is the Euthyphro Problem?
400
If p, then q. If q, then r. Therefore if p, then r.
What is hypothetical syllogism?
400
E.T. could have mental states but no brain states.
What is the alien objection to identity theory?
400
Determinism is true and free actions are a product of second order volitions.
What is hierarchical compatibilism?
400
Someone that is psychologically continuous with a person and continue in that person's projects.
What is a survivor?
400
When deciding rules, people need to not know what their roles in society will be.
What is the veil of ignorance?
500
If p then q. Not p. Therefore, not q.
What is the fallacy of denying the antecedent?
500
Consciousness is a mental property that is had by the whole brain, not the individual parts.
What is emergentism?
500
Free actions are incoherent because they end up being either determined or random.
What is the mechanics of free will objection?
500
Jane is about to undergo a brain transplant. She has to choose if the first body will get a little shock before the surgery or the second a bigger shock after the surgery. She chooses the first.
What is avoidance of pain objection?
500
Equals should be treated equally, and people should not suffer unnecessarily.