What do you call it when a majority of species has died out, due to rapid changes in the Earth's environment.
Mass Extinction
100
Define abiotic and biotic factors
Abiotic- the non-living physical components of an environment
Biotic- any living part of an environment
100
Define a Biome.
a specific region or regions classified by its physical environments and vegetation.
100
Ch. 25
Define ecosystem.
populations of various species all living together and interacting with the each other and their environment.
200
the components of Earth's early atmosphere.
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Water vapor, some Carbon monoxide, Ammonia, and Methane. No Oxygen
200
Define Paleontology
The study of Earth's fossils.
200
Which trophic level has the most energy?
level 0, the producers.
200
Give examples of primary and secondary succession.
primary- starting from a glacier, a rocky bottomed lake, stone, etc.
secondary- starting from an abandoned farm, a fire, etc.
200
Ch. 19
Explain the idea of common decent.
All species, living and extinct, are descended from common ancestors.
this is supported by the high percent of similarity between humans and other organisms. ex) humans and chimpanzees have 98% similarity.
300
Define Stromatolites
Dome like structures that are composed of many wafer thin rocks and contain fossils.
300
Define Speciation and Adaptive Radiation.
-the creation of a new species
-the rapid increase of speciation from a common ancestor, due to a diverse environment.
300
Give examples of 3 limiting factors.
The availability of water, climate temperature, and fires.
- also composition of soil, amount of sunlight, etc.
300
How are Biomes named
By their vegetation, weather/climate, and soil.
300
Ch. 17
Name the order in which the following appeared on earth.
Land plants, primates, free oxygen, reptiles, eukaryotes, dinosaurs, and prokaryotes
Prokaryotes, free oxygen, eukaryotes, land plants, reptiles, dinosaurs, and primates.
400
What question did the Miller Urey experiment test?
Can organic molecules form in an inorganic environment?
pg. 447
400
Define Homologous, Analogous, and Vestigial structures.
- the similarity in anatomical structures, between organisms, that indicates a common ancestor. However function of these structures isn't always the same.
- similarity in form or structure that is not a result of a common ancestor.
-the change in structure of body parts over multiple generations due to their use and need in certain environments.
400
How do you find population density?
Number of organisms /
Area they occupy
400
Describe the Taiga Biome
Dry and cold, snow is the precipitation, late spring early autumn, shallow acidic soil.
Animals includes squirrels, jays, moose, elk, lynx, owls, wolves, ect.
Plants include cone shaped trees, moss, lichens, few shrubs.
400
Ch. 24
Define and give an example of density independent factors.
Density independent factors affect the size of a population and have no regard to the number of organisms in the population.
example: any natural disaster(volcanic eruption, earthquake, tsunami, etc.)
500
Describe the endosymbiont hypothesis.
Mitochondria and Plastids were free-living organisms till they were absorbed by larger Prokaryotes and eventually lost the ability to live independently.
500
What are the causes of speciation?
Behavioural Isolation-differences in behaviours.
Geographical Isolation-separation by physical boundaries.
Temporal Isolation-difference in reproduction time.
500
give examples of parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism.
-an example of one benefiting, one hurting.
-an example of one benefiting, one that isn't affected.
-an example of both benefiting.
500
Describe cause and effect of acid rain.
Cause- factories making sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, cars creating carbon dioxide.
Effect- Acid eats metal, drinking water is toxic, lakes become more acidic, fish die, soil is acidic and takes out nutrients, trees die, plants don't grow.
500
Ch. 25
Describe the succession stages that typically occur on bare rock.
lichen -> mosses -> seeds grow -> perennials grow -> shrubs -> trees start to grow -> climax community forms