Early Childhood: Physical & Cognitive
Early Childhood:
Social & Personality
Middle Childhood
Physical & Cognitive
Middle Childhood
Social & Personality
Family Relationships & Structure
100
The tendency to use the right or left hand primarily is called _____.
Handedness
100
Being a “tomboy” or a boy playing with “girl” toys is an example of _____.
Cross-gender behavior
100
Obesity risks include the following except: a) Social Isolation b) Diabetes c) Teasing d) Increase in school attendance
D
100
T/F Gender self-segregation is common to all the world’s cultures and countries.
T
100
T/F Ethnicity and socioeconomic factors are the only factors that play a part in parenting styles.
F
200
Mental age / _____ X 100 = ___
Chronological age, IQ
200
Development of prosocial (helping) behavior begins at age: a) 0-1 b) 1-2 c) 2-3 d) 3-4
C
200
T/F Inclusive education teaches children that they should include everyone in their games at recess and other play times.
F
200
What are the Big 5 personality traits?
Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness
200
A family that includes more than just parents and children is called an _____.
Extended family
300
A child’s belief that everyone experiences the world the same way as they do is called: a) centration b) egocentrism c) reality d) false-belief principle
B
300
At age 4-8, the most dominant form of aggression is _____ aggression.
Verbal
300
Reading instruction that includes phonics instruction along with other strategies to teach literacy is called a _____.
Balanced approach
300
11-14 year olds have _____ (more/less) amount of media devices and have _____ (more/less) rules supervising their use than 8-10 year olds.
More, less
300
Low level of control and high level of acceptance often leads to what style of parenting? a) authoritative b) indulgent c) authoritarian d) neglecting
B
400
List 3 gross motor skills of a 2-3 year old.
Easily runs, climbs on own, can move large toys around obstacles
400
According to Erikson, the child needs to find the balance between _____ vs. _____ and _____ vs. _____ to fully develop during this period of childhood.
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt; initiative vs. guilt
400
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences includes:
Linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal, intrapersonal
400
The ability of the child to achieve parental standards of behavior without direct supervision is called _____.
Self-regulation
400
At what age does the attachment between parent and child change in most children? a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 7
A
500
Explain overregularization and give an example.
Overregularization is the application of basic rules to all language before understanding the irregularities in a language. An example would be a 3 year old saying that the “blockses falled down”.
500
Explain how a child’s personality can be formed and adjusted in childhood.
Parental and peer reactions can lead the child to adjust behavior that is based on temperament. For example, if a child has an easy-going temperament and acts according to social standards, they will be accepted by peers and praised by parents.
500
What are the common memory strategies used by children in middle childhood?
Rehearsal, organization, elaboration, mnemonic, systematic searching
500
Explain Bandura’s Reciprocal Determinism model.
Personality development is not based on any one factor, but is based on the multiple interactions of personal/cognitive factors, behavior, and environmental reinforcers. Personal/cognitive factors include beliefs, traits, and emotions. Behavioral factors include responses and imitations. Environmental reinforcers include emotional responses of others and social support systems.
500
What are some things parents can do to help soften the effects of divorce?
Keep changes to a minimum, consider living arrangements with the parent of the same gender, help children stay in touch with both parents, keep fighting away from children, do not place children in the middle of conflict, do not use children as emotional support.
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