Sensation & Perception
Sleep
Drugs
Learning
Memory
100
process of encoding stimulus & energy from the outside; organizing and interpreting sensory information (learned)
What is Sensation & Perception?
100
Results from changing time zones too quickly for the circadian rhythms to change. (Example: If you lived in a cave, you wouldn't maintain a normal 24-hour circadian clock.)
What is Jet Lag?
100
People use these drugs to self-medicate in order to feel normal; in general, these drugs (nicotine, caffeine, alcohol) alters one's state of consciousness.
What are psychoactive drugs?
100
If you study every day for an hour for your PSYC 2 exam, you are more likely to get a good grade which is an example of this type of reinforcer.
What is a secondary reinforcer?
100
Encoding (Getting Information into memory), Storage (Retaining Information over time), & Retrieval (Taking information out of storage)
What is the nature of memory- how we process information?
200
Converting physical energy into electrical/chemical neural pattern
What is transduction?
200
Involves brain abnormality of the basal forebrain and amygdala in which the person may fall into REM sleep without warning, experience a loss of muscle tone- goes into REM cataplexy, and losses consciousness. (Hint: Video on "DOG")
What is Narcolepsy?
200
Most drugs have their rewarding properties by releasing this type of neurotransmitter.
What is dopamine?
200
Kids tend to imitate pro-social behavior and as well as anti-social behavior from either parents, peers, other people, etc... (Examples: watching wrestling, language expressed) This is Bandura's theory of learning based on the Bobo-doll experiment.
What is Observational Learning?
200
The memories you have of your first day of psychology class "this" semester are in your...
What is Long Term Memory (LTM)?
300
You are returning to your dinner date and you may not have been aware of the music in the background because you were listening to your friend. After the music stops, you realize that there was a shift in the next song you hear.
What is attention?
300
Recover & restore homeostasis, Conserve energy, & Keeps us safe & development
What are the Recuperation, Circadian, & Evolutionary Theories?
300
Drugs such as valium depresses the central nervous system. Identify this type of neurotransmitter that inhibits high levels of anxiety- keep us relax and calm.
What is GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)?
300
Based on Pavlov's theory of learning: "Classical Conditioning" (w/Dog), the food (US) & the response of the food-- salivation (UR). After repeated exposure of the neutral stimulus (sound of a bell-tone) with the company of food, the dog is likely to salivate (CR) when hearing the bell alone. The sound of the bell has now become what type of Pavlovian conditioning without having the presence of food.
What is Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?
300
It is often easier to recall a particular event or experience if we are in the same context in which the information was first encoded. Context includes external environment and internal state (physiological conditions, emotions, etc.). This phenomenon is referred to as what type of memory.
What is state-dependent memory?
400
The postulation that the human eye contains three types of color receptors (for red, green, and blue), which form the basis for our perception of all colors- these colors cause the cones to fire.
What is trichromatic theory of color vision (Component Theory- "Young-Helmholtz")?
400
Rapid eye movement, Dreams occur in this stage, occurs 90 minutes after falling asleep, paralyzed so cannot act out dreams
What are the characteristics of REM sleep?
400
A neuropathological disorder that is characterized by severe memory loss and excessive use of alcohol.
What is Korsakoff's Syndrome?
400
After Rachel came home from a long day at school, she exerted an extreme temper tantrum towards her parents because she got into an argument with her best friend; Rachel ended up telling her parents the truth about the incident that happened between her and her friend. Rachel pushed Sally off her bike for no apparent reason. Her parents decided to give her a spanking to remember and to let her know that it isn't good to do that to someone you care about. Rachel's parents took away their daughter's T.V. privileges and leisure time to go outside. This is a type of operant conditioning in which an event ("Spanking") following a response (parents removing privileges from daughter) weakens the tendency to make that response (temper tantrum from happening again-prevented).
What is Punishment?
400
Part of the brain that holds memories and consolidates information from short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM-- diffuse throughout the brain).
What is the hippocampus?
500
Elwald Hering theorized that six primary colors (red, green, blue, yellow, black, and white) are grouped into three pairs: 1. One receptor (the black-white pair; contributes to our perception of brightness and saturation) 2. Other two receptors: Red-Green and blue-yellow pair; responsible for our perception of color
What is the Opponent-Process Theory of color vision?
500
Erase unimportant information to free space; random neural firing- Pons-Geniculate-Occipital Lobe
What is Crick's (Information Processing Theory) & Hobson's (Activation Synthesis Hypothesis) Theories?
500
1. Nature of the drug, 2. Psychological Factors (stress & depression), 3. Social Influences (peers & environment), 4. Biological Factors (Genetic component)
What are the factors that influence addiction?- ACRONYM "Biopsychosocial + Nature of Drug"
500
Driving in heavy traffic is a hassle for most of us. You leave home earlier than usual one morning and don't run into heavy traffic. You leave home again the next morning and again you avoid heavy traffic. Your behavior of leaving home earlier is strengthened by the consequences of the avoidance of heavy traffic. This is what type of operant conditioning technique.
What is negative reinforcement?
500
1) Memories that are meaningful to conscious awareness (able to recall/effort knowing- e.g. phone #, your birthday) are called..." " 2) As for memories associated with feelings of knowing and familiarity that are not within consciousness .(e.g. knowing how to ride a bike- no need for recall because we learned through steps/procedures from previous experiences that it becomes automatic).
What are 1) Explicit memories and 2) Implicit memories?
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