How many miles large can sunspots become in diameter?
What is 50,000 miles
100
The layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core is known as what?
What is mantle
100
Is a region in the sun about 200,000 km thick where gases circulate
What is the convective zone
100
What was Einstein's formula that showed that matter and energy are interchangeable?
2
What is E=mc
200
What is the gas and dust that make up nebulas made of?
What is matter
200
What played a major role in changing Earth's atmosphere?
what is photosynthetic organisms
200
During the final stages of the Earth's formation, the molten rock released large amounts of
What is carbon dioxide and water vapor
200
How long would the sun last if it were simply burning?
What is 10,000 years
200
Scientists have found that the sunspot cycle lasts about how long?
What is 11 years
300
What is an ellipse's maximum length called?
What is its major axis.
300
When did it appear that organisms produced food by photosynthesis?
What is 3.4 billion years ago
300
The Earth's atmosphere is mostly made of
What is nitrogen (78%)
300
What is the measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object?
What is temperature
300
Describe one factor that heated the Earth during its early formation?
What is 1)planetesimals continued to collide with Earth, and the energy of their motion heated the planet.
2)Radioactive material also heated it up.
400
Describe the process of nuclear fusion
What is two or more low-mass nuclei join together, or fuse, to form another nucleus.
400
Johannes Kepler discovered that planets move faster when they
What is are closer to the sun.
400
what do scientists believe helped produce the conditions necessary for life
What is ultraviolet radiation
400
Describe the composition of the sun
What is basically a large ball of gas made mostly of hydrogen and helium held together by gravity.
400
The motion of a body that travels around another body in space is called
What is a revolution.
500
Explain how sunspots form.
What is the sun's magnetic fields slow down the activity in the convective zone and areas of the photosphere become cooler.
500
Why did the Earth separate into distinct layers?
What is denser materials, such as nickel and iron, sank to the center of the Earth and formed the core. Less dense materials floated to the surface and became crust.
500
What brought elements such as carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen?
What is comets, or planetesimals
500
Describe Kepler's three laws of planetary motion?
What is
1) He found that Mars orbited in an elongated circle called an ellipse.
2) planets move faster when closer to the sun,
and planets move slower when father away.
3) More distant planets take longer to orbit the sun.