Data Science
This type of database stores all information in a single table or file, which makes it simple but can cause problems with data duplication and inconsistency.
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(What is a flat-file database?)
This type of chart shows parts of a whole as slices of a circle, making it easy to compare proportions.
(What is a pie chart?)
This part of an expert system contains the facts and IF–THEN rules that allow the system to reason like a human expert.
(What is the knowledge base?)
This type of study is done before starting a project to check whether it is technically, financially, and operationally realistic.
What is a feasibility study?
This chart displays project tasks along a timeline, making it clear when activities start, finish, and overlap.
(What is a Gantt chart?)
This special field in a relational table is used to uniquely identify every record, making sure no two entries are the same and allowing links to other tables.
(What is a primary key?)
This Excel tool summarises and analyses large amounts of data, and can be filtered interactively with slicers.
(What is a PivotTable?)
This is the reasoning process used by expert systems, which can move forward from facts to conclusions or backward from a goal to supporting evidence.
(What is chaining?)
This stage of project management organises tasks, resources, and timeframes to ensure the system is developed efficiently.
(What is project planning?)
This type of diagram shows how data moves into, through, and out of a system, including its processes and storage.
(What is a Data Flow Diagram?)
This is the process of organising data into related tables to reduce duplication and avoid update, insertion, and deletion anomalies.
(What is normalisation?)
This system allows data to be explored from multiple dimensions, like time or geography, often described as “slice and dice” analysis.
(What is OLAP – Online Analytical Processing?)
This type of system helps people make structured, semi-structured, or unstructured decisions using data and analytical models.
(What is a Decision Support System?)
This step-by-step project method requires each stage to be completed before the next one begins, making it structured but less flexible.
(What is the Waterfall method?)
This diagram uses branching paths to represent IF–THEN rules, making it easy to visualise choices and their outcomes.
(What is a decision tree?)
This language is used to manage and query relational databases, with commands like SELECT, ORDER BY, and LIKE.
(What is SQL?)
This term describes when a data lake becomes poorly managed and disorganised, making it difficult or impossible to use effectively.
(What is a data swamp?)
This type of network connects smart devices such as sensors and machines so that they can communicate and share data in real time.
(What is an IoT network?)
This testing method introduces a new system to a small group of users first, so problems can be identified before full rollout.
(What is pilot testing?)
This type of analysis identifies possible problems in a project, estimates how likely they are, and finds ways to reduce or avoid them.
(What is risk analysis?)
This concept means that data in a database is accurate, consistent, and reliable across its entire life cycle.
(What is data integrity?)
This occurs when a chart or graph misleads people, either by distorting scales, oversimplifying, or leaving out important information.
(What is bias in data visualisation?)
This reasoning method allows an expert system to test “what if” situations without treating them as established facts.
(What is hypothetical reasoning?)
These considerations involve protecting personal or organisational data from misuse, breaches, or unauthorised access.
(What are security and privacy considerations?)
This user-centred design approach focuses on empathy, creativity, prototyping, and iteration to solve problems effectively.
(What is design thinking?)