Wishing
Which of the following are ecotones?
i. Beach
ii. Rainforest
iii. Warm ocean
i only
Define: Species
A group of genetically similar organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce LIVE, FERTILE offsprings
Name a Carbon sink
Ocean, soil, forest
Name a carbon source
burning of fossil fuels, agriculture, industries, transport etc
What is the most abundant greenhouse gas?
Water vapour
What is species diversity
Measure of the number and types of species in a given area.
Why are keystone species important?
Play key role in the health of their ecosystem and their absence causes dramatic changes or collapse of the ecosystem
Maintain biotic structure
Define carrying capacity
The maximum population that a given habitat can support without the habitat being degraded over the long term-in other words, a sustainable system
What is an invasive species?
A non-native organism that harms the environment, economy or affects health
What are three factors that can lead to an increase in population size?
abundance of food, water and space.
high reproductive rates
What is the importance of detritivores in the energy cycle?
Feed on detritus. Example, millipedes, termites, ants, wood beetles, crustaceans such as crabs and lobsters
Eats dead organic matter and digests internally
Differentiate between primary and secondary succession
Primary: start from scratch in a previously undistrubed environment
Secondary: rebuilding an area that was previously disturbed
What protocol was put in place to address ozone depletion
Montreal
Calculate the species diversity to two decimal places of
Species A=25
Species B= 20
Species C=10
(55x54)=2970
(25x24)+(20x19)+(10x9)=1070
2970/1070=2.78
Why do birds migrate?
To find suitable nesting habitat
Food
Weather
Define critical number
The minimum population size required for a species to survive in a given ecosystem and not become extinct
What are three methods of estimating population size and explain one
MRRM, Quadrat, Transect
Describe how energy is transferred between trophic levels
Only 10% is passed on
Differentiate between population and community
Population: sum of the same species
community: different species
What are the 4 stages of population growth?
Lag phase
Log (exponential growth) phase
Diminishing growth phase
Stationary phase
Name the 4 layers of the atmosphere
troposphere, statosphere, mesosphere, thermospehere
Differentiate between bioaccumulation and biomagnification
Bioaccumulation: buildup of toxins in a single organism over time
Biomagnification: how the concentration increases as you move up the food chain
Differentiate between interspecific and intraspecific competition
Inter: between different species
Intra: between the same species
Differentiate between adaptation and acclimatization
Adaptation: Long-term response to changes in the environment occurring over several generations. Creates genetic changes and is irreversible
Acclimatization: Short-term response to changes in the environment which are gradual and reversible with NO Genetic changes
Zonation: distribution of species across a habitat (hortizonally)
Stratification: distribution of species vertically, example, forest canopy