Name that sphere!
The lithosphere (earth) interacts with this sphere when surface water becomes runoff or infiltrates into the ground.
Hydrosphere
This body of water will fill in with sediments over time and no longer be a body of water in a short amount of time, geologically speaking
A lake
Atmospheric conditions over a long period of time and over a large area are consider a location's this.
Climate
Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only transferred. Most energy on earth comes from ____ via radiation.
the sun!
The amount of water available for humans to drink
Less than 1%
Layer X of the atmosphere is where weather happens, while airplanes fly in Layer Y to avoid weather and the turbulence that comes with it.
Layer X: Troposphere
Layer Y: Stratosphere
Evapotranspiration is when water evaporates from the leaves of plants. After that the water will likely do this next.
Vapor will condense into clouds
Earth lacked oxygen when it was first formed. As plant-like life evolved, oxygen was produced, accumulated, and eventually this layer of the stratosphere was formed.
The ozone layer.
Fossil fuels that are buried under the ground are considered Carbon ___1__ while fossil fuels that are burned are considered Carbon ___2__.
1: Carbon sink
2. Carbon source
Oxygen gas makes up approximately this amount of the atmosphere, impressive since it was generated by living things.
21%
What are the parts of a biosphere in order from most simple to most complex?
Word bank: biome, biosphere, community, ecosystem, organism, population
Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
An area of land that drains water into a specific body of water is considered this.
A watershed.
In a convection current, warm air rises while cool air sinks causing wind. This is due to a difference in this quality of the air.
Density!
The most important organism in the nitrogen cycle is this because they are the only ones who can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form other organisms can use.
Bacteria
Nitrogen gas makes up this percent of the atmosphere and is NOT considered a greenhouse gas.
78%
When soil bacteria convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form that other organisms can use, it is an interaction between the atmosphere and this --
biosphere
A permeable rock that collects rainwater that infiltrates the earth, filters it into drinkable water, and stores it as groundwater is called this.
An Aquifer
A temperature inversion that causes warm surface temperatures near the coast of South America is called this.
El Niño
This type of organism converts proteins into ammonium in the nitrogen cycle and carbon stored in organisms into carbon dioxide as it breaks them down after they have died.
Decomposer
If there is 53,000 Joules of energy in the producer level, then the secondary consumers will get this many joules of energy.
530 Joules
Carbon is stored out of the atmosphere in carbon "sinks" that can be found in each of the other spheres. Name one sphere and one carbon sink associated with it.
Biosphere: organisms, trees
Geosphere: marine sediments, permafrost, fossil fuels
Hydrosphere: Ocean uptake
Name three reasons why the UN is predicting over 3 billion people will live in water stressed areas by the 2050.
1. freshwater is being consumed faster than it is replenished
2. Pollution
3. shifting weather patterns due to global warming
4. More people eat meat (agriculture uses a lot of water!)
When an El Niño climate pattern occurs, the Western Pacific including Australia, Indonesia, and India experiences this type of weather.
Droughts
grass --> cricket --> bird --> snake
If pesticides are applied to the ecosystem above killing the crickets, which populations will increase and which will decrease?
Increase: grass
Decrease: cricket, bird, snake
If the tertiary consumers in an ecosystem obtain 5 calories from a tropic level, how much energy was originally in the producer level?
5,000 calories