MC1
In the history of the world, how many mass extinctions have occurred?
A. 5
B. 7
C. 10
D. 13
A. 5
The ability to perform photosynthesis or chemosynthesis defines a ____________________.
A. Producer
B. Herbivore
C. Consumer
D. Carnivore
A. Producer
A change in the DNA.
Mutation
A heritable trait that increases an individual's fitness.
Adaptation
The ability to survive and reproduce in changing environmental conditions.
Tolerance
It describes how an organism uses resources and performs its functions within an ecosystem.
Niche
The amount of living matter in an area of Earth.
Biomass
A species that serves as a lynchpin in an ecosystem.
Keystone species
An organism that feeds on other organisms.
Consumer
Species that colonize newly exposed land after succession has occurred.
Pioneer species
In the years immediately after a fire, a forest will experience
A. tertiary succession.
B. a climax community.
C. primary succession.
D. secondary succession.
D. secondary succession.
In a food web that consists of grass, mice, deer, coyotes, and hawks, which species is likely to have the greatest biomass?
A. hawks
B. mice
C. grass
D. coyotes
C. grass
The disappearance of a species from Earth.
Extinction
The change of organisms over large periods of time.
Evolution
It is the process by which two species evolve in response to each other's changes.
It is the process by which an organism feeds on other organisms.
Predation
It is a collection of food chains. It is a complex diagram.
Food web
Organism the feed on dead or freshly dead organisms.
Detritivore
An organism that eats plants.
Herbivore
The normal gradual change in species living in an area.
Ecological succession.
A species introduced to a new environment without limiting factors could become
____________________.
A. Native
B. Specialist
C. Invasive
D. Keystone
C. Invasive
____________________ is a close, long-term association between two organisms.
A. Predation
B. Photosynthesis
C. Symbiosis
D. Parasitism
C. Symbiosis
A sequence of DNA that codes for a trait or a protein.
Gene
A human directed selection of plants and animals.
Artificial selection
It is a relationship in which two organisms benefit.
Mutualism
It is the process by which two organisms develop a lifelong relationship where they depend on each other for survival.
Symbiosis
It is a simple representation of the energy flow in an ecosystem.
Food chain
The process by which sun’s energy in converted in chemical energy.
An organism that eats other animals and plants.
Omnivore
The gradual establishment of species in mostly lifeless areas. There is no soil or sediment.
Primary succession.
A landslide causes part of a mountainside to fall away, leaving bare rock. In the years immediately following the landslide, the area will experience
A. secondary succession.
B. tertiary succession.
C. a climax community.
D. primary succession.
D. primary succession.
When the environment changes too quickly for an organism to adapt, what will occur?
A. genetic drift
B. extinction
C. speciation
D. evolution
B. extinction
How reproductively successful an organism in its environment.
Fitness
Biological evolution that occurs by chance.
Genetic drift
It is the relationship in which an organism depends on another, causing them harm and even death.
Parasitism
An interaction where an organism feeds on plants.
Herbivory
The feeding level of an organism.
Trophic level
The process by which glucose and oxygen is converted into energy.
Cellular respiration
The process by which producers create energy in the absence of sunlight.
Chemosynthesis
A stable community that has completed the succession process.
Climax community
In the western United States, at the southern edge of their range, moose are sometimes so severely infested with ticks that they die. The tick/moose relationship is best described as
A. symbiotic.
B. mutualistic.
C. predatory.
D. parasitic.
D. parasitic.
When energy is transferred between trophic levels, the amount of available energy lost is about _______
A. 90 percent.
B. 50 percent..
C. 10 percent.
D. 25 percent.
A. 90 percent.
When new species are generated.
Speciation
The process by which traits improve the chances of an organism for survival and reproduction.
Natural selection
When several species share a resource, every member benefits.
Resource partitioning
It is the relationship in which an organism is neither harmed nor benefited by the presence of the other.
Commensalism
Organisms that break down organic matter.
Decomposers
An organism that eats other animals.
Carnivore
It creates energy directly from the sun.
Primary Producer
Species grow and develop in areas where soil or sediment already exists.
Secondary succession
Humans are generally
A. carnivores.
B. omnivores.
C. herbivores.
D. detrivores.
B. omnivores.
The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem in which deer eat grass and coyotes eat deer is
A. chemosynthesis.
B. the grass.
C. the sun.
D. the deer.
C. the sun.