Chapter 43
What are the 4 primary communication methods?
Chemical, Visual, Auditory, and Tactile.
What is immigration and emigration?
1. Individuals are moving into a new population
2. Individuals are moving out of a population
What is the Competitive Exclusion Principle?
What are the main 2 types of ecosystems?
Terrestrial and Aquatic
What are the 3 levels of biodiversity?
Genetic, Community, and Landscape
What is behavior and what are the two types?
Any action that can be observed and described. Instinct and Learned.
What is Dispersion?
Spacing among individuals part of the same population within the "boundary"
What are the 4 biochemical cycles?
Carbon, Water, Phosphorous, and Nitrogen
What are biomes:
Mix of plants and animals that live with specific environmental conditions in a region.
What are the two types of value in biodiversity:
1. direct:medicinal, agricultural, consumptive
2. indirect: biochemical cycles, waste recycling, provision, Prevention, regulation, ecotourism
What is operant conditioning and classical conditioning?
Operant: modifying behavior and associating response and stimulus with either a reward or punishment. Reward system
Classical: Pairing 2 different stimuli and creating an association between them.
What is the Mark-Recapture Method?
A sampling method that catches individuals and tags them before releasing them back into populations again.
Define the 3 symbiotic relationships:
1. Parasitism: One organism benefits from another host which would be getting harmed.
2. Commensalism: One organism benefits while the other is unaffected.
3. Mutualism: Both organisms benefit.
List all the terrestrial Ecosystems:
Tundra, Coniferous forests, Temperate deciduous forests, Tropical rain forest, Shrublands, Temperate grasslands, Savannas, Deserts
What are the causes of extinction:
1. Habitat loss
2. Invasive species
3. Pollution
4. Climate change
5. Overexploitation
what is FAP stand for and describe it:
FAP - Fixed Action Pattern: behavior pattern that is consistent and constant and isn't affected by anything.
What are the 2 population growth models and describe them:
1. Exponential: assumes resources are infinite and measures accordingly
2. Logistic: believes there is a limit and measures accordingly
What is primary and secondary ecological succession?
1. Occurs in areas where no organisms or soil was originally there.
2. Involves recolonization of an area after major disturbance.
List all the Aquatic ecosystems:
Lakes, Wetlands, Estuaries, Rocky shores, Seagrass beds, Coral reefs, Oceans,
What are the 5 conservation techniques?
habitat preservation, metapopulations, flagship species, edge effect, habitat restoration
Define polygamous, polyandrous, and monogamous:
Polygamous - Males have several female mates
Polyandrous - Females have several male mates
Monogamous - One female with one male for the rest of their lives
What are density-independent factors and density-dependent factors:
1. abiotic, affect population size without relating to population density
2. biotic, affect population size with direct relation to population density
What are the 3 important species and describe them:
1. Pioneer: first producers after a disturbance
2. Foundation: important to community due to large size or abundance
3. Keystone: pivotal roles in community
What is the difference between a confierous forest and a temperate deciduous forest?
Coniferous live in extreme conditions during seasons while temperate deciduous live in moderate climates.
What are a source and sink populations?
1. Population that supports its own growth
2. Population that can't sustain itself and needs help from immigrated species.