Miscellaneous
Green marketing
Community Based Social Marketing
Environmental Interpretation
Environment in the media
100
Name 1 of the 4 major antagonisms described in the book.
1. Preservation of Nature vs Human Exploitation of Nature (1880s); Human Health vs Unregulated Business and Pollution of the Commons (1960s); Environmental Justice vs View of Nature as a Place Apart of the Places Where People Live and Work (1980s); Sustainability or Climate Justice vs Unsustainable Social and Economic Systems (1990s).
100
A jar of face lotion with a label that said: "Nature on your face: Organic olive oil, bees wax, organic shea butter, and organic pomegranate seed oil." would be an example of nature as the _____.
product.
100
What is the 5th and last step of the social marketing process?
Evaluation
100
The following sign is found in the Belize Zoo. This is an example of: A. Personable communication, B. Inter-personal communication, C. Personal communication, or D. Non-personal communication
D. Non-personal communication
100
Watching a nature documentary is an example of a ______ experience with nature.
Vicarious (or symbolic). The other two types of experience are direct and indirect.
200
Name and describe two purposes that environmental communication serves: 1. _____, 2._______
Pragmatic and Constitutive
200
Giving human characteristics to animals or objects is called __________.
anthropomorphizing.
200
If you wanted someone who already recycles to start cleaning their recyclables correctly, what kind of behavior change would this be?
Modify a current behavior. (the other 3 types of behavior change are accept a new behavior, reject a potential behavior, and abandon an old behavior).
200
According to the Davis and Thompson study, an interpretive sign in a natural area should be located near _______________.
A natural rest point
200
Factors like timeliness, event-centered, strong visual images, tied to a 24-hour daily cycle, and controversy make a story ________.
newsworthy.
300
In the basic model of communication, the interference in communicating messages that happens between encoding and decoding is called _______. It includes things like the credibility of the source, the language and vocabulary used, and relevance of the message to the recipient.
Noise
300
Stating something that is technically true but not a distinguishing factor when looking for eco-friendly products (i.e., advertised as “CFC-Free”—but since CFCs are banned by law this is unremarkable) is the sin of ___________.
irrelevance.
300
What do you have to do before you "develop your message" for your social marketing campaign?
Assess the audience
300
The sign below is from Soapstone Prairie Natural Area which is approximately 40 mins from Fort Collins. Look carefully at the sign. According to the Davis and Thompson study, this sign is representative of quality interpretation in a natural area because it ___________________________.
includes a 3-dimensional object.
300
If you are trying to persuade an audience to purchase fuel-efficient cars in order to do the right thing for their community, you are appealing to their ________ values.
social-altruistic.
(Other types of values include biospheric and egoistic as well as deeply held values such as peace, safety, equality, etc).
400
The two models of risk assessment are
1. The technical model (probability of a hazard occurring x impact of that hazard)
2. The cultural-experiential model (uses science, involves the affected public in assessing the risk, recognizes cultural differences)
400
The main limitation of the US Federal Trade Commission's rules and regulations about labeling and use of most environmental terms is that the guides ________.
are not enforceable.
400
In order for prompts, a common tool for social marketing, to work, they should be placed as close as possible in ____ and _____ to the targeted behavior.
space; time
400
According to the MacDonald thesis, the main reason that communication campaigns fail is _______
Low message recall
400
Name the three forming environmental ideologies we talked about in class.
Childhood experiences; Sense of place; Historical and cultural contexts
500
What are the 5 factors that influence a person's acceptance of risk?
1. Voluntariness (If I chose to take the risk, I'm more willing to accept it)
2. Control (If I have control to prevent or minimize the risk, I'm more willing to accept it)
3. Fairness (If the exposure to the risk is similar to my neighbors/peers/colleagues, I am more willing to accept it)
4. Process (If I believe the business/agency is communicating fully and honestly, I am more willing to accept the risk)
5. Diffusion/Broadness of Risk (The more broadly the risk is spread, the more willing I am to accept it)
500
The seven sins of greenwashing are
1. Hidden trade-off
2. No proof
3. Vagueness
4. Irrelevance
5. Lesser of two evils
6. Fibbing
7. Worshipping false labels
500
What are the 5 main tools of community based social marketing?
1. Commitment
2. Prompts
3. Norms
4. Communication (the message itself)
5. Incentives
500
In the Davis and Thompson study, most visitors to the natural area did not pay attention to ________. If they did, they stayed a _________ time.
Signs; Longer
500
_________ requires that the reporter remain non-judgmental about a story; reports “just the facts”
Answer: Fairness (not the same thing as balance!)
(Don't confuse with balance, which aims for neutrality. It requires that reporters provide both sides with roughly equal attention.)