In the heat of the moment
The body's ideal regulated core temperature
what is 37 degrees C? (98.6F)
Hyperthermia can occur when when this happens to core temperature of the body
What is temperature rises above the normal range?
superficial injury caused by freezing of the skin
What is frostbite?
Rapid cooling of the skin that causes an involuntary gasp followed by hyperventilation (lasting 1 to 2 minutes).
What is Cold shock response?
a sudden illness largely due to the motion of a ship or vessel.
What is sea sickness?
This mechanism utilized by the body to cool itself occurs when a liquid on skin or clothing changes to a vapour removing heat from the body
What is evaporation?
Painful muscle spasms, usually in the legs and abdomen caused by loss of fluids and electrolytes as a result of sweating.
What are heat cramps?
When hypothermia is suspected in an unresponsive casualty, breathing should be checked for this many seconds
What is 60 seconds? hypothermia can slow a persons breathing
Further cooling of nerve and muscle fibres causing weakness and a loss of coordination
What is cold incapacitation?
This rapid muscle spasming is the bodys reflex to generate heat in cold stress
what is shivering?
This mechanism of heat exchange occurs when air or liquid moves across the skin resulting in heating or cooling the body
What is convection?
A supervisor notices his/her employees behavior is out of character, they are aggressive and irritable after a long period of working in hot conditions. the worker complains of a severe headache and their skin is dry and hot. after assessing the worker the supervisor finds their breathing and pulse to be weak and rapid.
treat for this type of heat stress
What is heat stroke? (Call EMS 911)
This type of injury occurs when the skin freezes but the underlying tissues are unaffected
What is superficial frostbite?
A person dressed appropriately for the weather conditions will take 30 minutes or more to reach this condition when immersed in cold water
What is hypothermia?
if a person is struck by lightning, it is likely the casualty has been thrown. suspect this type of injury and treat accordingly
what is head/neck/spinal injury?
This mechanism of heating or cooling the body occurs through direct contact with a solid or liquid
What is conduction?
a life-threatening emergency that occurs when the body’s cooling system is completely overwhelmed and stops working.
What is heat stroke?
when caring for a casualty with both frostbite and hypothermia, this condition takes priority over the other
what is hypothermia? hypothermia is more serious (life over limb)
you are awaiting rescue from cold water immersion, This HELPfull acronym can increase survival by decreasing heat loss while immersed in cold water
What is Heat escape lessening position? (H.E.L.P)
Press your arms against your armpits.
Place your forearms across your chest.
Squeeze your thighs together and raise your knees toward your chest.
an early indicator that the body’s temperature- regulating mechanisms are being overwhelmed
What is heat exhaustion?
This mechanism of heat exchange in the body involves the direct loss or absorption of heat energy through electromagnetic waves.
What is radiation?
a worker lets their supervisor know that that they are experiencing headache, weakness and exhaustion after a duration of hard labor on a hot day. the worker seems to have a normal mental state but is also complaining of dizziness and feeling of anxiety. the persons pulse and breathing seem normal and their skin is moist and warm. treat for this type of heat stress
what is heat exhaustion?
This injury occurs when tissues beneath the skin (including tendons, muscles, and blood vessels) freeze
What is deep frostbite?
you have fallen through ice and are unable to exit by yourself. Doing this will prevent you from drowning if you become unresponsive
what is place both arms on the ice and let them freeze in place?
Most deaths in cold water are caused by this
what is cold shock response?