Body Temperature
The body's normal core temperature
What is
37 degrees Celsius
How can heat related illness be prevented?
What is
Hydration- minimum 8 glasses of fluids per day. Hydrate even when not thirsty!
Occurs when the body’s core temperature (i.e., the temperature of the heart, lungs, and brain) drops to 35°C (95°F) or lower
What is
Hypothermia
May produce clear blisters after tissue thaws
What is
Superficial frostbite
Salt tablets can be given to a person to care for heat cramps. True or False
What is False
Salt tablets can cause further loss of fluid from the. You should not a person salt tablets if they have heat cramps
How does the body cool itself down when it is over-heated?
What is
Sweating
Usually the first sign of the body overheating. Painful muscle spasms that usually happen quickly in the legs and abdomen. They are caused by the loss of fluids and electrolytes as a result of sweating
What is
Heat Cramps
When is the skin at risk of sticking to cold, metal objects?
What is:
When it is wet or moist
Signs of mild hypothermia:
What is:
Responsive
Shivering
Alert
Impaired movement
When a person has frostbite, never rub the area to warm it up- True or False?
What is
True- Never rub the area. Rubbing the area can cause the ice crystals in the cells to damage surrounding tissues
How does the body heat itself up when it is losing heat?
What is
Converting food to energy
Shivering
Occurs when the body begins to overheat, loses more fluids and electrolytes (through sweating) than it gains (through rehydration). It usually happens after long periods of strenuous activity in a hot environment. Symptoms can include fainting, dizziness, and vomiting.
What is
heat exhaustion
How to prevent cold- related illness:
What is
Wearing temperature appropriate clothing, wear layers that can be added or removed
Maximize foot insulation, avoid tight fit around toes
High calorie meals and hydration to fuel heat production
Avoid cotton- soaks up water and stays wet
Keep activity level increased if working outside
Frostbite signs:
What is
- Superficial: hardened skin, skin that looks paler than the area around it, pain or stinging and numbness
- Deep frostbite: waxy skin, skin and tissue that is hard and solid to the touch, skin that is white, blue, black, or mottled, loss of feeling
Do you call 911/EMS when the skin has frozen to a metal object?
What is
If you cannot safely remove the body part from the cold object.
Care:
What is the process of regulating body temperature called?
What is
Thermoregulation
The least common but most severe heat-related illness. It is a life-threatening emergency that occurs when the body’s cooling system is completely
What is
Heat stroke
Occurs when the skin becomes so cold that the water in the cells begins to freeze. Extremities, such as the toes, feet, fingers, hands, ears, and nose are particularly prone to this.
What is frostbite
When a person is not responsive and cold
What is
Assume Severe hypothermia-treat as moderate hypothermia, 60 second vital check, if no breathing, start CPR and call EMS/ 911.
If a person is experiencing heat exhaustion, what should you do?
What is
Reduce heat exposure
Loosen any tight clothing
Do not dry skin
Fan skin
Pour water on torso;
Apply ice or cold packs to the arm pits or chest
Electrolyte replacement beverage or water
Advise the person not to do any more activities
What is the part of the brain that controls body temperature called?
What is
Hypothalamus
What factors can cause the body to overheat?
What is
Environmental- High temperatures and high humidity
Physical- Clothing, Illness, fitness level, body size
Behavioural- lifestyle, diet, drugs, not taking long enough breaks or hydrating
Two severities of frostbite:
- Superficial: hardened skin, skin that looks paler than the area around it, pain or stinging and numbness
- Deep frostbite: waxy skin, skin and tissue that is hard and solid to the touch, skin that is white, blue, black, or mottled, loss of feeling
Occurs when skin is dry and hot, seizures, coma, rapid and shallow breathing, altered behaviours such as irritability, aggressive, or bizarre.
What is
Heat stroke
What to do when you care for heat stroke?