Energy
Sections of soil that are permanently frozen or have a temperature of less than 0°C or lower for 2 years
Permafrost
Primary gas released into the atmosphere from industrial and automotive emissions responsible for global warming
What is carbon dioxide (CO2)
The effect of some of energy from the that is reflected by ice, clouds, and other light-coloured surfaces.
The albedo effect
What is the climate tipping point for the earth?
1.5 degrees celsius
Difference between: Pack Ice and Glaciers
Pack ice is the floating ice on the oceans around the north and south poles
Glaciers do not float on water. they lie on land. They are formed from compressed snow and pressure causes surplus ice to leak out around the edges of the glacier
The 5 divisions of the Atmosphere in order
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exopshere
What causes our atmosphere to retain heat
Greenhouse effect
Difference between: high and low pressure systems
High pressure systems (aka Anticyclones) prevent cloud-forming movements and the weather is stable: dry and sunny in the summer and cold in the winter
Low pressure systems (aka Depressions). When a depression forms the rising air encourages cloud formation which results in precipitation
The continuous circulation of water as it evaporates from the land and sea, enters the atmosphere, condenses and precipitates to the earth's surface, then moves underground by infiltration.
What is the water cycle.
What are the prevailing winds? Why are they important?
Major atomospheric currents that blow in a given direction to global patterns of movement. They play a major role in weather phenomena and dictate the direction of most weather
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from industries and cars combine with precipitation in the atmosphere to form this.
What is acid rain
Energy that relies on the circulation of fluid into the ground near magma cores that is then resurfaced
Geothermal
What are the disadvantages of wind energy
Cannot be stored, unreliable/unpredictable, disrupt landscapes, birds can collide with the turbines, produce sound pollution
An area of land where any groundwater underneath of it or precipitation that falls on it drains into one river, basin, or sea.
What is a watershed
Explain and the draw the Coriolis Effect
The rotation of the earth changes their trajectory of air masses through what is called the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect causes winds to deviate to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere
The difference between: Weather and Climate
Climate is the average weather conditions (temperature & precipitation) that take place over decades of time.
Weather is a short-term change in temperature, precipitation, etc. that takes place over the course of a few days.
What factors effect tidal range
shape and slope of the coastline, depth of the water, and distance of the Moon and Sun from the earth
Energy that requires a minimum of a 5 m range for use
Tidal
Difference between: Surface Currents and Subsurface Currents
Surface currents are mostly wind-driven. They move horizontally, usually in the first 400 m of water below the surface.
Subsurface Currents: At depths greater than 800 m, these currents are therefore caused by the variations in density between the water layers, with more dense layers at the bottom.
Name the 3 main circulation cells
The Hadley Cell, the Ferrel Cell, and the Polar Cell
4 main greenhouse gases
A concentration of 13.5 ppm of mercury is found in a body of water with a mass of 150.8 kg. What mass of mercury is in the water in grams?
2.035 g