Spheres, Loops, and Cycles
this cycle describes the routes that carbon atoms take through the environment (such as the food chain with producers, consumers, and decomposers)
the carbon cycle
all material in the universe that has mass and occupies space
matter
established in 1995, this organization promotes free trade and enforces fair trade; they can also impose financial penalties on nations that do not comply
a testable idea, an educated guess
hypothesis
the study of how the natural world works, which includes all living and nonliving organisms and how they interact
environmental science
this type of feedback loop happened when the input and output respond to each other's effects, cancelling them out and stabilizing the system
negative feedback loop
positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom
protons
taxes imposed on companies that participate in activities or produce products that are harmful to the environment
green taxes
a variable that a scientist manipulates in their experiment (the "cause")
independent variable
solar, wind, wave, geothermal, and hydro energy are examples of this
renewable natural resources
matter may be transformed from one type to another, but it cannot be created or destoyed
Law of Conservation of Matter
the type of bonding where atoms share electrons
covalent bonding
the field of economics applying the principles of Earth's systems to economics, advocated economies that don't grow or shrink but instead are stable and sustainable
ecological economics
application of ethical standards to relationships between humans and their environment
environmental ethics
solutions with a pH less than 7 are this
acidic
when gases like carbon dioxide and methane protect the biosphere from the bitter cold of space
the Greenhouse Effect
name the 4 macromolecules (100 pts each one)
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids
name one of the two main events in the 1960s and 1970s that triggered increased awareness of environmental problems in the United States
1. the publication of Silent Spring, a book about the negative effects of industrial chemicals and pesticides by Rachel Carson
2. fires on the oil-polluted Cuyahoga River in Ohio
culture, together with personal experience, influences each person's perception of the world and his or her place within it
worldview
written in 1833 by William Foster Lloyd and popularized by Garrett Hardin, this concept provides an analogy about resource regulation
The Tragedy of the Commons
subduction happens at this type of plate boundary
convergent plate boundary
water is a universal solvent because it is _______, which means it has a positive end and a negative end
polar
laws enacted to regulate the discharge of wastes, especially from industry, into rivers and streams
Clean Water Act of 1977
describes a human-centered view of our relationship with the environment (highest value on humans and human welfare)
anthropocentrism
describes the environmental effects of an individual or population in terms of total amount of land and water resources
ecological footprint