Population Growth nd Dynamics
Population equation
Current population - deaths + births = new current population
every second
- 4-5 people born
-2 people die
Key Crops
1. wheat
2. corn
3. rice
municipal solid waste - household waste
needs for snow
1. cold temps
2. moisture
3. lift
Clean Air Components
- 21% oxygen
- 78% nitrogen
- 1% other
Impact Equation
I = PAT
I - human impact on the environment
P - population
A - affluence (GDP)
T - technology (how resources intensive "A" is)
Soil Sciences
1. sand/gravel
2. silt/clay
3. dead organic matter
4. flora and fauna -> living organism
5. water
6. air
soil texture (soil texture pyramid) - dependent on % of silt, clay, and sand
loam - soil that is best for farming - retain water, air, and nutrients
US Waste
11 billion tons of solid waste
Snow Water Equivalent (SWE)
SWE / density = snow depth
Density x snow depth = SWE
Clean Air Act
- passed in 1963
- 1st national legislation in the US focused on air pollution control
- amendments passed in 1970
Karl Marx Theory
- population growth results from poverty, resource depletion, and pollution.
- to slow population growth people need to be treated justly and improve social conditions.
GMO and Genetic Engineering
Genetic Modified Organism
- genes from one organism is spliced into another organism
benefits
- resistant to pest, temp, weather, etc
- improved nutrition
- faster growth
- vaccines in food
Downsides
- superweeds
- reduce native biodiversity
- novel toxics
- may leave poorer farmers behind
Incineration types
1. refuse-derived fuel - waste is sorted to remove recyclable from non-recyclable materials.
2. mass-burn - burning everything that fits in the incinerator
SNOTEL
an automated system of snowpack and related climate sensors operated by Natural Resource Conservation Services (NRCS)
Natural Forms of Air Pollution
1. volcanoes
2. sea spray
3. vegetation
4. dust storms
5. bacterial metabolism -> methane
6. forest fires
Thomas Malthus Theory
- population increase faster than resources - we outstrip our food supply and collapse into starvation, crime, misery
- most governments believe population growth is good for GDP
Green Revolution
- improvements in farming production have come from tech advancement
- modification of species and cross-breeding
Disposal Methods (7)
1. open dumping
2 ocean dumping
3. exportation
4. landfills
5. incineration
6. composting
7. recycling
What determines snowflake shape?
1. temp
2. humidity
- basal facet - top/bottom
- prism facet - sides (6)
creates plates or columns
Anthropogenic Pollutants
- Primary - released directly from the source
- Secondary - convert into hazardous forms after entering the air and mixing with other chemicals-> fugitive emission - do NOT go through smoke stacks
Gandhi Quote
"There is enough for everyone's needs but not enough for everyone's greed."
- non-violence civil leader
Types of Pesticides
1. biocides- kill a wide variety of living organisms
2. herbicides - kill plants
3. insecticides - kill insects
4. fungicides - kill fungus
DDT - 1962 Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
Plastic Types
1. PETE - large market
2. HDPE - chemically resistant, thermal conductivity
3. PVC - common in construction - hard to recycle due to additives
4. LDPE - resistant to acids, oils and bases - more flexible and durable than HDPE
5. PP - resistant to fatigue
6. PS - 1st plasitc discovered - styrofoam - cheaper to produce new material than to recycle
7. other - everything that doesn't fit into the other categories - containers often reused
Wilson Bentley
nickname: Snowflake Bentley
- 1st to measure raindrop size
- 1st to photograph snowflake
- pioneer in snow sciences
Pollutants
1. Sulfur dioxide SO2
2. Nitrogen oxide NO
3. Carbon monoxide CO
4. ozone
5. lead
6. particulate matter