Aquatics
Forestry
Soil
Wildlife
Current
100
Aquifers function in two very important ways.
First, transmit groundwater from the point of entry to points of discharge (from where it goes in, to where it comes out).
Second, they provide storage for large volumes of water.
100
The hardwood forests and sandhills consist of what type of trees
Hardwood =oaks, hickories, sweetgums, dogwoods, and more.
sandhills include the pine and oak scrub communities.
100
The study of soils is called
pedology. It is derived from the Greek words pedon and logos, meaning soil and reason, respectively.
100
The greatest threat to wildlife populations in Florida is
loss or fragmentation of habitat.
100
Water beneath the land surface occurs in two principal zones,
the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone
200
Florida has five major aquifers
the Floridan aquifer, the Biscayne aquifer, the sand-and-gravel aquifer, the surficial aquifer and an aquifer area with highly mineralized water.
200
Compare sapwood and heartwood
The sapwood is the living outer portion that takes water and nutrients up from the roots to the leaves.
The heartwood is the old, dead sapwood that serves as support for the tree and as a waste repository.
200
The soil layers in the profile are called horizons. What are the horizons called
O, A, B, C, R
200
Bergmann’s Rule
Homeotherms living in cold climates are often larger than those from warmer regions (reduced surface:air ratio for warmth).
The assumed advantage is that the surface:air ratio is reduced, allowing for better heat retention.
200
Lakes interact with groundwater in three basic ways:
Name 1
some receive groundwater inflow throughout their entire bed;
some have seepage loss to ground water throughout their entire bed;
but perhaps most lakes receive groundwater inflow through part of their bed and have seepage loss to ground water through other parts
300
The smallest channels in a watershed have no tributaries and are called
first-order streams.
300
Quercus laevis is known to people as
both the turkey oak and the blackjack oak.
300
B horizon is often called
“zone of accumulation.”
300
Control burning benefits wildlife by
by setting back succession and stimulating new plant growth.
300
Excess fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides from agricultural lands and residential areas are what type of pollution
Nonpoint source pollution
400
Legislation and government rules and policies also provide controls that can aid water resource management.
Land use planning
Zoning
Permitted and prohibited land uses or types of development
Restrictions on water use
Limitations and/or requirements on development
Pollution control
--Minimum flows and levels
--Special designations such as Outstanding Florida Waters, Heritage River
400
gumbo limbo the nickname
"Tourist Tree."
400
There are 12 major textural class names:
NAME 3
sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay, clay, clay loam, loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, and silt.
400
Spotlight Counts. This is a technique using the eye shine of animals spotted with a light at night to estimate population trends with known coverage and total acreage. Spotlight counts are used primarily with
deer and alligators
400
In many irrigated areas, about 75 to 85 percent of the applied water is
lost to evapotranspiration and retained in the crops
500
You can recognize wetlands by looking for the following:
Water on the surface or in the root zone. This water causes the flooding, ponding or spongy, saturated conditions that we associate with many types of wetlands.
Hydric or wetland soils. Wetland soils usually hold water longer than other soils; that is, the soils drain poorly or are strongly influenced by water, and may lack oxygen.
Wetland plant and animal species. The plants, trees or shrubs that grow in the wetlands — and wetland animals and microbes — are those that live only in water or are adapted to either wet or dry conditions.
500
Many plants, including pine trees, rely heavily on tiny fungi in the soil called
mychorrizae
500
Munsell Soil Color charts. The chips are arranged by three characteristics
hue, value, and chroma.
500
Common areas that require mitigation from impacts are
wetlands or habitat supporting listed species.
500
The process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients (such as phosphates) that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant life usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen.
eutrophication
600
Turbidity is caused by
soil erosion, waste discharge, runoff and aquatic creatures that stir up the river bottom (e.g., catfish) or algal growth. The water changes color and becomes a dark muddy red-brown or green.
600
Gunter’s Chain, which is equal to
66 ft
600
Spodosols
Soils with a spodic horizon (a dark-colored subhorizon with a mixture of organic matter and aluminum, with or without iron).
600
AMERICAN ALLIGATOR (Alligator mississippiensis) female lays how many eggs
20 and 50 eggs
600
The EPA has set the enforceable regulation for nitrate,
maximum contaminant level (MCL) at 10 mg/L or 10 ppm NO3 -N.
700
Many of Florida’s waterways are normally dark in color due to
the tannins that are naturally abundant.
700
A reading from this compass is called an
azimuth. North will have an azimuth of 360° (or 0°), while south will have an azimuth of 180°.
700
How does earthworms help water quality?
water infiltration and water-holding capacity because their shredding, mixing, and defecating enhances soil structure.
700
The bowfin has unique adaptations for life in
warm, stagnant waters.
The bowfin uses its gas bladder for buoyancy (as other fish do) and to inhale atmospheric oxygen.
700
Nitrate occurs naturally in some groundwater, in most cases levels above 3 ppm
result from human activities.
800
Naame 2 macroinvertebrates that are sensitive to pollution?
Mayflies (nymphs)
Caddisflies (larvae)
Stoneflies (nymphs)
Water Pennies.
Hellgrammites (dobsonfly larvae)
800
Diameter tape is wrapped around the circumference of the tree at
4.5 ft
800
Methods of irrigation
Border — Water is applied at the upper end of a strip in which the lateral flow
of water is controlled by small earth ridges called border dikes, or borders.
Furrow — Water is applied in small ditches made by cultivation implements.
Furrows are used for tree and row crops.
Sprinkler — Water is sprayed over the soil surface through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system.
800
True of False
BROWN PELICAN (Pelecanus occidentalis) are migratory.
False
800
Several health concerns may be related to the consumption of high nitrate water. Name a few health concerns
The nitrite reacts with iron in the hemoglobin of red blood cells to form methemoglobin, which lacks the oxygen-carrying ability of hemoglobin. This creates the condition known as methemoglobinemia (sometimes referred to as “blue baby syndrome”), in which blood lacks the ability to carry sufficient oxygen to individual body cells. certain diseases and cancers
900
True or False
Warm water holds more DO
False
900
What is the difference between total tree height and merchantable tree height.
The total tree height is the height to the top of the needles.
The merchantable tree height is the upper limit of useable wood for a given product on a tree stem.
900
The most striking property of Spodosols
is a horizon of black or reddish amorphous materials having a high cation-exchange capacity
900
anadromous
(extra give name of animal that are)
a saltwater species requiring freshwater for breeding.
- Mullet.
- Sheepshead.
- Tarpon.
- Snook.
- Sturgeon.
900
When making the decision on when and how to apply N fertilizers, what are the 4Rs of nutrient management;
Right time of application, Right fertilizer type, Right placement, and Right application rate
1000
How healthy is the water if you find this macroinvertebrate
Very healthy
Group 1 - pollution sensitive
Plecoptera (Stonefly)
1000
A cord of wood is a stack of round wood that measures
four feet high, four feet wide and eight feet long, and contains 128 cubic feet.
1000
Soils that have a pH below 5.5 generally have a low availability of
calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus.
1000
How many eggs does an Ospreys lay?
3 creamy white blotched with red.
1000
Urbanization increases the variety and amount of pollutants carried into streams, rivers, and lakes. The pollutants include: (Name 2)
Sediment
Oil, grease, and toxic chemicals from motor vehicles
Pesticides and nutrients from lawns and gardens
Viruses, bacteria, and nutrients from pet waste and failing septic systems
Road salts
Heavy metals from roof shingles, motor vehicles, and other sources
Thermal pollution from dark impervious surfaces such as streets and rooftops