Soils and Land Use
What are the 3 materials that make up soil?
Sand (.05-2.0 mm), Silt (.002-.05 mm), Clay (<.002 mm).
________ _________ refers to the number of animals of one or more species a habitat can support at a given time
Carrying Capacity
What is turbidity, and what is the most prevalent source of high turbidity?
Turbidity measures how clear the water is. Soil erosion causes high turbidity.
The Emerald Ash Borer and Spotted Lanternflies are ____ ______
Invasive Species
Which of the following has the greatest runoff: Urban, Suburban, or Rural areas?
Urban areas because of impervious surfaces.
What percent of soil is water?
25% of Soil is Water
What is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity is the variety of species, their genetic make-up, and the natural communities in which they occur.
The Susquehanna River Basin, PA's largest watershed, flows into which bay?
The Chesapeake Bay
Having an available fuel source, dry conditions, and an ignition source (ex. campfire) can cause _______
Wildfires
What is non-point source pollution?
Non-point source pollution is when water or wind picks up pollutants and disposes them into water bodies.
What farming technique uses small ridges on a slope to reduce erosion and runoff?
Contour Farming
What are the three levels of Biodiversity?
Genetic Diveristy, Species Diversity, and Community/Ecosystem Diversity
In the winter, which layer of a lake is the most warm?
Hypolymnion (The lowest/deepest layer)
To measure tree diameter, how high should you place your Biltmore stick?
4.5 feet, typically known as breast height.
Planting trees, bushes, and high grass between farms and bodies of water is called _____ _______.
Vegetation buffers
What color do leaves turn when they begin to lack Nitrogen?
Yellowish; they lose their green color.
What is the total variety of genes in a species or species population?
The Gene Pool
How are agricultural runoff, acid mine drainage, and polluted urban runoff bad for aquatic ecosystems?
-Induces Eutrophication, pesticides, and toxic metals
-Harm and kill species living in the body of water
How far should you hold the Biltmore stick from you when measuring tree height or diameter?
25 inches
What are methods to reduce Non-point Source Pollution?
Rain gardens, cover crops, buffer strips,
pervious pavement all reduce runoff and subsequently NPS pollution.
What soil horizon is known as the "leaching layer?"
The E (Eluviation) Layer
What is the incurable brain disease in deer caused by misfolded proteins (prions)?
Chronic Wasting Disease
What foods do Salamanders eat?
Name 1 invasive plant in PA.
Autumn-olive, Bush honeysuckle, Garlic mustard, Japanese barberry, Japanese Stiltgrass, Multiflora rose, or Tree-of-heaven.
When photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae, and bacteria) convert inorganic carbon dioxide into organic compounds is called _____ _______.
Carbon Fixation