Soils
This is one way to maximize soil health.
- maximizing living roots
- soil cover
- biodiversity
- minimizing soil disturbance
This is the zone in a body of water where light can pass through.
What is photic?
This is the definition/description of a keystone species.
An organism that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure and biodiversity of its ecosystem (crucial for ecological balance).
This is what DBH stands for.
Diameter at breast height.
This is the material that has been deposited at the bottom of a steep slope.
What is colluvium?
This is the type of pollution where you cannot determine the exact source.
What is Nonpoint Source Pollution?
This is the definition of conservation.
The efficient use of natural resources in a manner to ensure their existence for future generations.
This is how far you should stand from a tree when taking measurements with the Biltmore stick.
66 feet away.
These are the size ranges for sand, silt, and clay.
Sand: 2-0.05 mm
Silt: 0.05-0.002 mm
Clay: <0.002mm
These are the three lake classifications and their characteristics.
Oligotrophic = clear water, low (plant) productivity
Mesotrophic = increased production, accumulated organic matter, occasional algal bloom, good fishery
Eutrophic = very productive, may experience oxygen depletion, rough fish common (carp for example)
This is a neurological disease commonly seen in white-tailed deer that is caused by prions (misfolded proteins) that damage the brain and nervous system.
What is Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)?
This is what MAD Cap Horse stands for and what it is used to remember.
Maples, Ashes, Dogwoods, Caprifoliaceae (the honeysuckle family), and Horsechestnut.
Used to remember that these trees have OPPOSITE branching.
How well a soil does what we want it to do (soil health) is determined by these three properties.
What are biological, chemical, and physical properties?
This is the common name of the invasive species, Nitellopsis obtusa.
What is starry stonewort?
List at least 3 invasive species in NYS.
Terrestrial: Asian Longhorned Beetle, Beech Leaf Disease, Emerald Ash Borer, Giant Hogweed, Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Laurel Wilt, Oak Wilt, Southern Pine Beetle, Spongy Moth (naturalized), Spotted Lanternfly
Aquatic: Hydrilla, Starry Stonewort, Water Chestnut, Freshwater Animals, Northern Snakehead, Sea Lamprey, Spiny Waterflea, Round Goby, Green Fleece, Devil's Tongue Weed, Sea Potato/Oyster Thief, Siphoned Feather Weed, Green Crab, Lionfish, Mitten Crab, Peppermint Shrimp, Pink-Spotted Sea Anemone, Rockpool Shrimp, Shore Crab
These are the layers of a soil profile and what they stand for.
Horizons= horizontal layers
O= organic
A= mixture of organic and mineral soil
B= accumulation of organic matter and sesquioxides
C= unconsolidated unweathered material
R= rock (not always present, i.e., flood plains)
These are the main characteristics of a wetland.
This is what wetlands provide ecologically.
What are hydric soils & drift lines/water marks on trees.
Ecologically, wetlands act as filtration, storm buffers, habitat.
List at least 4 endangered NYS species.
Fish: Silver chub, shortnose sturgeon, atlantic sturgeon, gilt darter
Amphibians: Eastern Tiger Salamander, Atlantic Coast Leopard Frog, Eastern (Northern) Cricket Frog
Reptiles: Southeastern Mud Turtle, Bog Turtle, Atlantic Hawksbill, Sea Turtle, Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle, Leatherback Sea Turtle, Queen Snake, Eastern Massasauga
Birds: Spruce Grouse, Golden Eagle, Peregrine Falcon, Black Rail, Piping Plover, Eskimo Curlew, Roseate Tern, Black Tern, Short-eared Owl, Loggerhead Shrike
Mammals: Indiana Bat, Northern Long-eared Bat, Allegheny Woodrat, Sperm Whale, Sei Whale, Blue Whale, Finback Whale, Humpback Whale, Right Whale, Gray Wolf, Cougar
Explain at least 2 types of forest management techniques.
- Clear cutting
- Shelterwood
- Seed tree
- High-grading
- Diameter-limit cutting
- Clear cutting: trees larger than one or two inches in diameter are removed one at a time
- Shelterwood: several cuts over a period of up to 10 years (removes over mature and high risk trees)
- Seed tree: most of the trees and removed in one cut, maybe 12 to 15 well-spaced trees per acre left
- High-grading: taking best value out of the woods
- Diameter-limit cutting: cut everything to certain diameter