Enzyme Basics
What are enzymes made of?
Proteins
What happens to an enzyme when it is exposed to extremely high temperatures?
It denatures (loses its shape and function)
What enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?
Amylase
True or false: For each reaction, there is a specific enzyme.
True
What are the 4 classes of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?
They act as biological catalysts to speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.
Two things that can affect the shape of an enzyme are
pH and temp
What enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach
Pepsin
What is the term for the energy required to start a chemical reaction?
Activation Energy
True or False: All enzymes work best at the same temperature and pH.
False
What is the name of the specific region where a substrate binds to an enzyme?
The active site
What inhibitors reduces enzyme productivity and does not enter the active site?
Competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors
What enzyme breaks down lactose in dairy products?
Lactase
How many different shaped substrates can fit into one active site?
Only one substrate can fit.
True or False: Many drugs , pesticides, and poisons are enzyme inhibitors
True
True or False: Enzymes are consumed during a reaction
False
What type of molecule can inhibit enzyme activity by binding to the active site?
What type of macromolecule do lipases break down?
Lipids (fats)
What model describes how enzymes and substrates fit together perfectly?
Lock and Key model
What are the four levels of protein structure?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary
What is the term for the molecule that an enzyme acts upon?
Substrate
Name one cofactor that helps enzymes function properly
zinc, iron or copper.
What enzyme replicates DNA during cell division?
DNA polymerase
What is the model that explains how enzymes change shape slightly to bind substrates?
Induced Fit model
Two steps to making transition state more stable?
Positioning reactants and Straining covalent bonds of reactants.