Enzyme Basics
Enzyme Function & Mechanism
Enzyme Types & Examples
Factors Affecting Enzymes
Enzymes in Real Life
100

What are enzymes?

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions.

100

How do enzymes speed up reactions?

By lowering activation energy.

100

What enzyme breaks down starch into sugar?

Amylase.

100

What happens to enzymes when the temperature is too high?

They denature.

100

What enzyme is used in laundry detergents to break down stains?

Protease.

200

What type of biomolecule are enzymes?

Proteins.

200

What model explains how enzymes fit their substrates perfectly?

The Lock-and-Key Model

200

What enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach?

Pepsin.

200

How does pH affect enzyme activity?

Each enzyme has an optimal pH, and extreme pH levels can denature them.

200

What enzyme is used in the dairy industry to remove lactose from milk?

Lactase.

300

What is the name of the molecule that enzymes act on?

Substrate.

300

What alternative model suggests enzymes change shape slightly to fit the substrate?

The Induced Fit Model.

300

What enzyme breaks down lactose?

Lactase.

300

What happens when a competitive inhibitor is present?

It binds to the active site, blocking the substrate.

300

What enzyme is used in brewing to convert starch into sugar?

  •  Amylase.

400

What is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds?

The active site.

400

What happens to the reaction rate when enzyme concentration increases?

  • It increases, up to a limit where substrates become the limiting factor.

400

Which enzyme speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?

Catalase.

400

What is a non-competitive inhibitor?

A molecule that binds away from the active site, changing the enzyme’s shape.

400

How are restriction enzymes used in DNA technology?

They cut DNA at specific sequences for genetic research.

500

What is the term for the enzyme’s ability to work only with specific substrates?

Enzyme specificity.

500

What are coenzymes and cofactors?

Coenzymes (organic molecules) and cofactors (inorganic molecules) help enzymes function.

500

Which enzyme is used in DNA replication?

DNA Polymerase.

500

Why do enzymes stop working at extreme temperatures?

High heat breaks hydrogen bonds, altering the enzyme’s shape.

500

What is an example of an enzyme-based medical test?

  • Blood glucose test using glucose oxidase.

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