Energetics
Chemical reactions which release energy
Exergonic Reactions
Monomers of enzymes
Amino acids
Two main factors which impact reaction rate of enzymes
Temperature & pH
Location that effectors bind to influencing enzyme conformation
Allosteric Site
Location on the enzyme where the substrate bonds
Active site
Energy input that must be used in order for a reaction to proceed
Activation Energy
A substance which is acted upon in an enzymatic reaction
Substrate
The action of R-Groups or peptide bonds weakening due to environmental changes
Denature
Coenzymes or cofactors which increase the reaction rate of an enzyme
Allosteric Activator
The total amount of energy in a system
Gibbs Free Energy
Energy can be transferred or transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed within a system
First law of thermodynamics
The term used to describe the function of enzymes in metabolic reactions.
Catalyst
The point at which the amount of product and substrate reach equilibrium in the system
Point of Saturation
Binding of substrate to one active site increases the rate of binding of other substrates to the same enzyme
Cooperativity
Inorganic electron acceptor/donator
Cofactor
Metabolic reaction which consumes energy(Ex ADP--> ATP)
Endergonic reaction
Molecules that substrate specific, speed up metabolic reactions, and are unchanged at the end of the reaction
Enzyme
The most common bond between R-groups that can easily change due to small environmental changes
Hydrogen bonds
Product from a metabolic pathway decreases the reaction rate of enzymes
Feedback Inhibition
How are enzymes like Fonzie
They end in "ase"
Pairing exergonic reactions with endergonic reactions increasing metabolic reaction efficiency
Energy Coupling
Model describing the ability of an enzyme to alter the conformation, polarity, or pH of the substrate in the active site
Induced fit model
Special case when a denatured enzyme regains function by returning to optimal temperature and pH
Renaturation
Inhibition which occurs due to a molecule other than the substrate binding to the active site of an enzyme
Competitive Inhibition
The hawkeye state
Iowa