General Enzyme Knowledge
This is the enzyme that breaks down Lactose.
Lactase?
True or false - All proteins are enzymes
False - but all enzymes are proteins
Enzymes _________ reactions in the cells.
speed up
This is what the Enzyme acts upon.
substrate
When an enzyme changes shape is considered to be _____________
Denatured
True or False: Enzymes are used up during their reaction.
False. Enzymes do not get used up. They are free to react again and again. This is why they are only need in the body in small amounts.
The function of proteins is
to be responsible for the structure and function of living things
Enzymes are this type of macromolecule.
protein
Where the specific substrate fits in the enzyme.
active site
pH and Temp
Explain what is meant by "Enzymes are substrate specific"
they only react with certain substrates that fit into the active site. Think Lock and Key!
The monomers of proteins are called..
amino acids
Enzymes lowers activation energy & speeds something up. Another word for this is a ____________.
catalyst
After the reaction, the enzyme is _________.
reusable
Would the reaction rate of an enzyme increase or decrease if more substrate is added?
increase... to a certain point
Describe the Lock and Key hypothesis using the terms substrate and enzyme. Which is the lock, which is the key?
Enzymes only react with certain substrates that match their shape correctly. Enzymes are the lock, substrates are the key.
What elements are in an Amino Acid?
C, H, O, N and S
Enzymes are substrate specific, this means?
Enzymes only react with specific substrates that fit into the active site (Lock and key)
State three relevant facts about an enzyme (ie. you're not allowed to just spell it)
Answers can vary
Activation Energy is the energy required to start a chemical reaction. Do enzymes increase or decrease activation energy needed?
decrease
Describe the differences between a synthesis reaction and a hydrolysis reaction.
synthesis is a building up reaction (2 substrates join into one) hydrolysis is a breaking down reaction involving water (1 substrate breaks into two)
What is the polymer of proteins?
strings of amino acids formed into a 3-d structure
True or false: For each reaction, there is a specific enzyme.
true
This is the term used to describe the interaction involving the substrate and enzyme. The entire process.
enzyme-substrate complex
Pepsin, a stomach enzyme, works best at a pH of 2. This is said to be the ____________ pH for Pepsin
optimum/optimal