General Enzyme Knowledge
Enzymes are named after the substrate they react with - replacing the "ose" with "ase". Knowing this, what is the enzyme that breaks down Lactose.
What is Lactase?
This is what the Enzyme acts upon.
What is a substrate?
Why might a farmer want to use genetically modified corn that is resistant to diseases?
to increase crop yield, food supply, and profits
to reduce amount of chemicals used on plants
How can DNA fingerprints be helpful?
Can be used to identify suspects in a crime or determine relatedness between individuals
The “new” substance created during reaction.
What is a product?
Where the specific substrate fits in the enzyme.
What is an active site?
After the Great Potato Famine of 1845, where potato crops were wiped out by light, people wanted to prevent it from happening again. How can biotechnology be used to prevent a similar scenario?
Transgenic organisms, or GMO's, such as potatoes that are resistant to blight can be created to keep our food supply safe
DNA has a ___________ charge (positive or negative)
negative charge
This type of protein will reduce the activation energy.
What is an enzyme?
Enzymes lowers activation energy & speeds something up. Another word for this is a ____________.
What is catalyst?
How would creating pest-resistant crops using transgenes or CRISPR affect the amount of pesticide farmers use?
Pesticide use would be little to none, keeping harmful chemical out of the environment
What is the role of restriction enzymes in Gel Electrophoresis?
to cut DNA into smaller fragments that will pass through the agarose gel when machine is turned on
the temperature at which an enzyme is most reactive/productive is called the
optimal temperature
How was biotech used to create transgenic bacteria to help diabetics and what medicine do the bacteria produce?
Bacterial DNA (plasmid) removed and human insulin gene is inserted. Modified bacterial DNA is inserted into bacteria where it tells bacteria to produce insulin
How do you determine relatedness when using a DNA fingerprint? (What do you look at? Think about the virtual lab from Wednesday)
DNA bands must be lined up across people. Individuals with the highest number of bands in common are more likely to be related.
Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions? A. Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions. B. Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquid during the reactions. C. The reactions take up too much space in the cell if enzymes are missing. D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
This is the term used when the enzyme is actively operating on the substrate causing the reaction. (Enzyme and substrate are locked together)
What is an enzyme-substrate complex?
Enzymes, a kind of protein, are said to _____________ when exposed to temperatures and pH outside of the optimal range. This changes the ___________ of the active site.
How do humans use artificial selection to affect farm animals like cows?
Desirable traits such as healthy meat and milk production are selected for and cows with those traits are bred so offspring display similar traits. Eventually, cow population displays primarily desirable traits.
In Gel Electrophoresis, shorter fragments of DNA end up near the (positive/negative) end because DNA has a (positive/negative) charge
Positive; Negative