Macromolecules
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
The monomer of carbohydrates is a monosaccharide.
What is the definition of a biome?
A biome is a large area characterized by its vegetation, climate, and wildlife.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells do.
Write the formula for photosynthesis?
Formula has to be balanced.
The formula for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Define dominant and recessive traits.
Dominant traits are expressed in the phenotype even with one copy, while recessive traits are expressed only when two copies are present.
Name one function of proteins.
Act as enzymes that speed up chemical reactions.
Describe the difference between biotic and abiotic factors, providing three examples of each.
Biotic factors are living components (plants/animals), while abiotic factors are non-living (temperature, water, soil).
Fill in the function of the nucleus.
The function of the nucleus is to store genetic information and control cell activities.
Where does photosynthesis occur in the plant cell?
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.
What is the biggest advantage of sexual reproduction?
The biggest advantage of sexual reproduction is genetic diversity.
Which type of macromolecules are enzymes classified as?
Enzymes are classified as proteins.
What is mutualism? Provide an example.
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both species benefit (bees and flowers).
Name three organelles found in plant cells that are not in animal cells.
Three organelles found in plant cells that are not in animal cells are chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a large central vacuole.
Write the formula for cellular respiration?
Formula has to be balanced.
The formula for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP.
Compare mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells (diploid), while meiosis results in four genetically diverse gametes (haploid).
Describe how enzymes work.
Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.
What are the steps of primary and secondary succession?
Primary succession occurs when previously uninhabited land (after a volcanic eruption), while secondary succession occurs in areas where a disturbance has destroyed a community but left the soil intact (after a forest fire).
What is the function of ribosomes?
The function of ribosomes is to synthesize proteins.
Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration (fermentation) does not.
Fill in the Punnett square for a heterozygous thorny-spined slug crossed with a smooth-spined slug.
T t
t Tt tt
t Tt tt
Offspring genotypes: Tt and tt
What are the four main types of macromolecules?
The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Discuss how human activities have negatively impacted the environment.
Human activities have negatively impacted the environment through pollution, deforestation, and habitat destruction.
Compare passive transport and active transport, providing three examples of each.
Passive transport does not require energy and examples include diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. Active transport does require energy and examples include, sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
Why do photosynthesis and cellular respiration go hand in hand?
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration to produce carbon dioxide and water, which are used in photosynthesis. Which creates a cycle.
What is the difference between gene mutation and chromosomal mutation?
A gene mutation is a change in single gene, while a chromosomal mutation involves changes in the structure or number of chromosomes.