Research Methods
Reliability & Validity
Biological Psychology
Learning/Memory
Culture/Social Psychology
100
How does the scientifc method relate to psychology?
Includes observation, hypothesis, testing, and sharing results, which is necessary when carrying out psyhological research.
100
This tells us whether results can be reproduced under the same conditions.
Reliability
100
The main components of the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of:
The Brain and Spinal Cord.
100
This psychologist is known for the Bobo Doll experiment.
Albert Bandura
100
These are unconscious attitudes.
Implicit Attitudes
200
Testing research in real-world settings helps improve this type of validity.
External Validity
200
This refers to whether a test measures what it claims to measure.
Validity
200
Give an example of how the interaction between environmental and biological factors influences development
Answers may vary but some examples include twin studies, genetic predispositions for mental health disorders, etc.
200
Explain what it means when we say memories are malleable.
Memories can be altered or distorted.
200
Prioritizes group needs and relationships.
Collectivism
300
This type of sampling improves external validity by representing subgroups.
Stratified Sampling
300
True or False: In order, for an instrument to be considered reliable it must also be valid.
False; A reliable instrument may not necessarily be valid, as it might consistently measure something other than the intended concept.
300
This part of the brain controls balance and coordination.
Cerebellum
300
This explains why people imitate behaviors they observe.
Social Learning Theory
300
Culture shapes this concept involving how people see themselves.
Self-Identity
400
A psychologist notices that students who snack during studying seem more energized. She believes that students who eat an entire family-size bag of hot Cheetos before a test will score higher than those who eat a normal snack. She designs an experiment where one group eats hot Cheetos and another eats a regular snack, then compares their test scores. What is the researcher's hypothesis?
Students who eat an entire family-size bag of hot Cheetos before a test will score higher than those who eat a normal snack.
400
What do psychologists use pilot studies for?
To improve validity.
400
What is lateralization?
The idea that each hemisphere of the brain has specialized functions.
400
What three factors impact encoding?
Visual, acoustic, and semantic
400
This perspective evaluates interactions between cognition and behavior.
Social Cognitive Theory
500
Using multiple methods (qualitative + quantitative) is called this.
Triangulation
500
A psychologist designs a test to measure stress levels. Participants take the test three times over two weeks and receive nearly identical scores each time. However, many questions focus on physical symptoms (like headaches and fatigue) rather than emotional stress. Is this test reliable, valid, both, or neither? Explain what makes it reliable and/or valid.
It's reliable (has consistent results over time), but lacks construct validity as it is measuring physical symptoms, not stress directly.
500
What are the stages of speech development?
prelinguistic, babbling, single word (holophrastic), two-word stage, telegraphic speech
500
What is the difference between observational learning and cognitive learning?
Observational learning involves learning from model (i.e. a child watching their mother put makeup on and copying it), while cognitive learning requires active involvement from learning (i.e., studying, active listening)
500
Who developed Social Cognitive Theory?
Albert Bandura